State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):87-90. doi: 10.1038/nature11997. Epub 2013 Mar 24.
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) is one of the most widely cultivated and consumed food crops in the world. However, the complex polyploid nature of its genome makes genetic and functional analyses extremely challenging. The A genome, as a basic genome of bread wheat and other polyploid wheats, for example, T. turgidum (AABB), T. timopheevii (AAGG) and T. zhukovskyi (AAGGA(m)A(m)), is central to wheat evolution, domestication and genetic improvement. The progenitor species of the A genome is the diploid wild einkorn wheat T. urartu, which resembles cultivated wheat more extensively than do Aegilops speltoides (the ancestor of the B genome) and Ae. tauschii (the donor of the D genome), especially in the morphology and development of spike and seed. Here we present the generation, assembly and analysis of a whole-genome shotgun draft sequence of the T. urartu genome. We identified protein-coding gene models, performed genome structure analyses and assessed its utility for analysing agronomically important genes and for developing molecular markers. Our T. urartu genome assembly provides a diploid reference for analysis of polyploid wheat genomes and is a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of wheat.
面包小麦（Triticum aestivum，AABBDD）是世界上种植和消费最广泛的粮食作物之一。然而，其基因组的复杂多倍体性质使得遗传和功能分析极具挑战性。A 基因组作为面包小麦和其他多倍体小麦（如 T. turgidum（AABB）、T. timopheevii（AAGG）和 T. zhukovskyi（AAGGA(m)A(m)）的基本基因组，是小麦进化、驯化和遗传改良的核心。A 基因组的祖先是二倍体野生一粒小麦 T. urartu，它在形态和发育方面与栽培小麦的相似度比 Aegilops speltoides（B 基因组的祖先）和 Ae. tauschii（D 基因组的供体）更高，尤其是在穗和种子方面。在这里，我们展示了 T. urartu 基因组全基因组鸟枪法草案序列的生成、组装和分析。我们鉴定了蛋白质编码基因模型，进行了基因组结构分析，并评估了其用于分析农艺重要基因和开发分子标记的用途。我们的 T. urartu 基因组组装为多倍体小麦基因组的分析提供了一个二倍体参考，是小麦遗传改良的宝贵资源。
