Deiseroth Arne, Streese Lukas, Köchli Sabrina, Wüst Romy Sandra, Infanger Denis, Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno, Hanssen Henner
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Front Physiol. 2019 Sep 4;10:1119. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01119. eCollection 2019.
Arterial stiffness (AST) is a main determinant of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Long-term physical activity (PA) is considered to decrease age-related progression of AST but effects of short-term exercise interventions on AST remain unclear.
In a combined cross-sectional and interventional study approach, we investigated the effects of long-term PA and short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on AST in an older population. 147 older individuals (mean age 59 ± 7 years) were assigned to three groups according to their PA and CV risk profile and compared: healthy active (HA, = 35), healthy sedentary (HS, = 33) and sedentary at risk (SR, = 79). In addition, SR were randomized to either 12 weeks of HIIT or standard recommendations. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was performed by symptom-limited spiroergometry to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).
Higher CRF was associated with lower PWV ( < 0.001) and VO2max explained 18% of PWV variance. PWV was higher in SR (8.2 ± 1.4 m/s) compared to HS (7.5 ± 1.6 m/s) and HA (7.0 ± 1.1 m/s; < 0.001). 12 weeks of HIIT did not change PWV in SR. HIIT-induced reduction in systolic BP was associated with a reduction in PWV ( < 0.05).
SR show higher PWV compared to HS and long-term PA is associated with lower PWV. Reduction of AST following short-term HIIT seems to depend on a concomitant decrease in blood pressure. Our study puts into perspective the effects of long- and short-term exercise on arterial wall integrity as treatment options for CV prevention in an older population.
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02796976 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976).
动脉僵硬度（AST）是心血管（CV）死亡率的主要决定因素。长期体育活动（PA）被认为可减缓与年龄相关的AST进展，但短期运动干预对AST的影响仍不明确。
采用横断面和干预性研究相结合的方法，我们调查了长期PA和短期高强度间歇训练（HIIT）对老年人群AST的影响。147名老年人（平均年龄59±7岁）根据其PA和CV风险状况分为三组并进行比较：健康活跃组（HA，n = 35）、健康久坐组（HS，n = 33）和有风险的久坐组（SR，n = 79）。此外，将SR组随机分为接受12周HIIT组或标准建议组。采用压平式眼压计测量脉搏波速度（PWV）。通过症状限制式运动心肺功能测试来测定最大摄氧量（VO2max）以评估心肺适能（CRF）。
较高的CRF与较低的PWV相关（P < 0.001），VO2max解释了PWV变异的18%。与HS组（7.5±1.6 m/s）和HA组（7.0±1.1 m/s）相比，SR组的PWV更高（8.2±1.4 m/s；P < 0.001）。12周的HIIT并未改变SR组的PWV。HIIT引起的收缩压降低与PWV降低相关（P < 0.05）。
与HS组相比，SR组显示出更高的PWV，且长期PA与较低的PWV相关。短期HIIT后AST的降低似乎取决于血压的同时降低。我们的研究从长远角度探讨了长期和短期运动对动脉壁完整性的影响，将其作为老年人群CV预防的治疗选择。
ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT02796976（https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02796976）。
