Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden.
Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2019 Nov 1;21(11):1887-1898. doi: 10.1039/c9em00281b. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
Major point sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) cause ubiquitous spread of PFASs in the environment. In this study, surface water and aquatic invertebrates at three Swedish sites impacted by PFAS point sources were characterized, using homologue, isomer and extractable organofluorine (EOF) profiling as well as estimation of bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) and mass discharge. Two sites were impacted by fire training (sites A and R) and the third by industrial runoff (site K). Mean ΣPFASs concentration in water was 1920 ng L at site R (n = 3), which was more than 20- and 10-fold higher than those from sites A and K, respectively. PFOS was the most predominant PFAS in all waters samples, constituting 29-79% of ΣPFAS concentrations. Several branched isomers were detected and they substantially contributed to concentrations in surface water (e.g. 49-78% of ΣPFOS) and aquatic invertebrates (e.g. 15-28% of ΣPFOS). BAFs in the aquatic invertebrates indicated higher bioaccumulation for long chain PFASs and lower bioaccumulation for branched PFOS isomers compared to linear PFOS. EOF mass balance showed that Σtarget PFASs in water could explain up to 55% of EOF at site R. However, larger proportions of EOF (>92%) remained unknown in water from sites A and K. Mass discharges were for the first time estimated for EOF and revealed that high amounts of EOF (e.g. 8.2 g F day at site A) could be transported by water to recipient water bodies relative to ΣPFASs (e.g. 0.15 g day at site A). Overall, we showed that composition profiling, BAFs and EOF mass balance can improve the characterization of PFASs around point sources.
主要的全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 点源导致 PFAS 在环境中无处不在。在这项研究中，对受 PFAS 点源影响的瑞典三个地点的地表水和水生无脊椎动物进行了特征描述，使用同系物、异构体和可提取有机氟 (EOF) 分析以及生物积累因子 (BAF) 和质量排放量的估计。两个地点受到消防训练的影响 (地点 A 和 R)，第三个地点受到工业径流的影响 (地点 K)。R 点的水中总 ΣPFAS 浓度为 1920ng/L(n=3)，分别比 A 点和 K 点高出 20 倍和 10 倍以上。全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 是所有水样中最主要的 PFAS，占 ΣPFAS 浓度的 29-79%。还检测到了几种支链异构体，它们对地表水 (例如，ΣPFOS 的 49-78%)和水生无脊椎动物 (例如，ΣPFOS 的 15-28%)中的浓度有很大贡献。水生无脊椎动物中的 BAF 表明，长链 PFAS 的生物积累较高，而支链 PFOS 异构体的生物积累较低。EOF 质量平衡表明，R 点水中的 Σ目标 PFAS 可以解释水中 EOF 的高达 55%。然而，A 点和 K 点水中的 EOF 仍有较大比例 (>92%)未知。EOF 的质量排放量首次被估算出来，结果表明，与 ΣPFAS 相比，大量的 EOF(例如，A 点为 8.2g F 天)可以通过水输送到受纳水体，例如 A 点为 0.15g 天)。总的来说，我们表明，组成分析、BAF 和 EOF 质量平衡可以提高对点源周围 PFAS 的特征描述。
