Pediatric Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.
Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.
Autism. 2020 Apr;24(3):569-590. doi: 10.1177/1362361319869118. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
Stereotypies are frequently reported in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but remain one of the less explained phenomena. We aimed to describe, through a systematic review and a meta-analysis, the prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD and study the factors that influence this prevalence. Our literature search included MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Quality and risk of bias were assessed. Thirty-seven studies were included and the median prevalence of motor stereotypies in ASD was 51.8%, ranging from 21.9% to 97.5%. The most frequent determinants associated with a higher number of stereotypies in ASD were a younger age, lower intelligence quotient, and a greater severity of ASD. Moreover, gender did not seem to influence the prevalence of stereotypies. Meta-analytic analysis showed that lower IQ and autism diagnosis (independent of IQ) are associated with a higher prevalence of motor stereotypies (odds ratio = 2.5 and 4.7, respectively). Limitations of the reviewed literature include the use of convenience samples, with small sizes and heterogeneous inclusion criteria, and the predominance of high-functioning autism individuals.
刻板行为在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中经常被报道，但仍然是一个较少被解释的现象。我们旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析来描述 ASD 中运动刻板行为的流行率，并研究影响这种流行率的因素。我们的文献检索包括 MEDLINE、Scopus 和 PsycINFO 数据库。对质量和偏倚风险进行了评估。纳入了 37 项研究，ASD 中运动刻板行为的中位数流行率为 51.8%，范围为 21.9%至 97.5%。与 ASD 中刻板行为数量较多最相关的最常见决定因素是年龄较小、智商较低和 ASD 严重程度较高。此外，性别似乎并不影响刻板行为的流行率。荟萃分析表明，较低的智商和自闭症诊断（独立于智商）与运动刻板行为的更高流行率相关（比值比分别为 2.5 和 4.7）。所审查文献的局限性包括使用方便样本，样本量小且纳入标准存在异质性，以及高功能自闭症个体的占比较大。
