Zhao Tianyang, Huang Yanli, Chen Donggui, Jiao Lu, Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando, Wang Ruiming, Xie Jiushu
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2020 Mar;73(3):396-412. doi: 10.1177/1747021819878089. Epub 2019 Sep 25.
Modality switching cost indicates that people's performance becomes worse when they judge sequential information that is related to different sensory modalities than judging information that is related to the same modality. In this study, we conducted three experiments on proficient and non-proficient bilingual individuals to investigate the modality switching costs in L1 and L2 processing separately. In Experiment 1, materials were L1 and L2 words that were either conceptually related to a visual modality (e.g., light) or related to an auditory modality (e.g., song). The modality switching costs were investigated in a lexical decision task in both L1 and L2. Experiment 2 further explored the modality switching costs while weakening the activation level of the perceptual modality by adding a set of fillers. Experiment 3 used a word-naming task to explore the modality switching effect in language production in L1 and L2. Results of these experiments showed that the modality switching costs appeared in both language comprehension and production in L1 and L2 conditions. The magnitude of the modality switching costs was conditionally modulated by the L2 proficiency level, such as in the L2 condition in Experiment 1 and in both L1 and L2 conditions in Experiment 3. These results suggest that sensorimotor simulation is involved in not only language comprehension but also language production. The sensorimotor simulation that is acquired in L1 can be transferred to L2.
模态转换成本表明，当人们判断与不同感觉模态相关的序列信息时，其表现会比判断与相同模态相关的信息时更差。在本研究中，我们对熟练和不熟练的双语个体进行了三项实验，以分别研究第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）加工中的模态转换成本。在实验1中，材料是与视觉模态在概念上相关（如“光”）或与听觉模态相关（如“歌曲”）的L1和L2单词。在L1和L2的词汇判断任务中研究模态转换成本。实验2通过添加一组填充词进一步探索模态转换成本，同时削弱感知模态的激活水平。实验3使用单词命名任务来探索L1和L2语言产出中的模态转换效应。这些实验的结果表明，模态转换成本在L1和L2条件下的语言理解和产出中均会出现。模态转换成本的大小受到L2熟练程度的条件性调节，如实验1中的L2条件以及实验3中的L1和L2条件。这些结果表明，感觉运动模拟不仅涉及语言理解，还涉及语言产出。在L1中获得的感觉运动模拟可以转移到L2中。
