Bonfieni Michela, Branigan Holly P, Pickering Martin J, Sorace Antonella
University of Edinburgh, 3, Charles Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, United Kingdom.
University of Edinburgh, 7, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Feb;193:160-170. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.11.004. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
The ability to selectively access two languages characterises the bilingual everyday experience. Previous studies showed the role of second language (L2) proficiency, as a proxy for dominance, on language control. However, the role of other aspects of the bilingual experience - such as age of acquisition and daily exposure - are relatively unexplored. In this study, we used a cued language switching task to examine language switching and mixing in two groups of highly proficient bilinguals with different linguistic backgrounds, to understand how the ability to control languages is shaped by linguistic experience. Our analysis shows that the ability to switch between languages is not only modulated by L2 proficiency, but also by daily L2 exposure. Daily L2 exposure also affects language mixing. Finally, L2 age of acquisition predicts naming latencies in the L2. Together, these findings show that language dominance is characterised by multiple aspects of the bilingual experience, which modulate language control.
选择性使用两种语言的能力是双语日常体验的特征。先前的研究表明，作为优势语言的代理指标，第二语言（L2）熟练程度在语言控制方面发挥着作用。然而，双语体验的其他方面，如习得年龄和日常接触程度，其作用相对而言尚未得到充分探索。在本研究中，我们使用了线索提示语言切换任务，来考察两组具有不同语言背景的高度熟练双语者的语言切换和混合情况，以了解语言控制能力是如何受到语言体验影响的。我们的分析表明，语言切换能力不仅受到L2熟练程度的调节，还受到日常L2接触程度的影响。日常L2接触程度也会影响语言混合。最后，L2习得年龄可以预测L2中的命名潜伏期。这些发现共同表明，语言优势是由双语体验的多个方面所表征的，这些方面会调节语言控制。
