Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Medicina Social. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de pós-Graduação em Clínica médica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2019 Sep 23;53:78. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001081. eCollection 2019.
To synthesize data about the prevalence of sexual violence (SV) among refugees around the world.
A systematic review was conducted from the search in seven bibliographic databases. Studies on the prevalence of SV among refugees and asylum seekers of any country, sex or age, whether in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese, were eligible.
Of the 2,906 titles found, 60 articles were selected. The reported prevalence of SV was largely variable (0% to 99.8%). Reports of SV were collected in all continents, with 42% of the articles mentioning it in refugees from Africa (prevalence from 1.3% to 100%). The rape was the most reported SV in 65% of the studies (prevalence from 0% to 90.9%). The main victims were women in 89% of the studies, all the way, especially when still in the countries of origin. The SV was perpetrated particularly by intimate partners, but also by agents of supposed protection. Few studies have reported SV in men and children; the prevalence reached up to 39.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Approximately one-third of the studies (32%) were carried out in refugee camps and more than half (52%) in health services using mental health assessment tools. No study has addressed the most recent migratory crisis. Meta-analysis was not performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies.
SV is a prevalent problem affecting refugees of both sexes, of all ages, throughout the migratory journey, particularly those from Africa. Protection measures are urgently needed, and further studies, with more appropriate tools, may better measure the current magnitude of the problem.
综合全球难民中性暴力（SV）流行情况的数据。
对 7 个文献数据库进行系统检索，以评估 SV 在世界范围内难民中的流行情况。研究对象为任何国家、性别和年龄的难民和寻求庇护者，研究语言为英语、法语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语。
在 2906 篇标题中，有 60 篇文章入选。SV 的报告流行率差异较大（0%至 99.8%）。SV 的报告涉及所有大陆，其中 42%的文章提到非洲难民中存在 SV（流行率为 1.3%至 100%）。强奸是报道最多的 SV，65%的研究报告了这一情况（流行率为 0%至 90.9%）。89%的研究报告的主要受害者是女性，尤其是在原籍国。SV 的实施者主要是亲密伴侣，但也有一些所谓的保护人员。少数研究报告了男性和儿童中的 SV，流行率分别高达 39.3%和 90.9%。大约三分之一的研究（32%）是在难民营中进行的，超过一半（52%）是在卫生服务机构中使用心理健康评估工具进行的。没有研究涉及最近的移民危机。由于研究方法的异质性，未进行荟萃分析。
SV 是一个普遍存在的问题，影响着全球各年龄段的难民，尤其是来自非洲的难民。迫切需要采取保护措施，而使用更合适工具的进一步研究可能会更好地衡量当前问题的严重程度。
