Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 - 45, Bogotá, Colombia; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Institute of Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra. 30 - 45, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Antonio Nariño, Science Faculty, Biology Department, Cra 3 Este No 47 A 15, Bogotá, Colombia.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec;255(Pt 2):113293. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113293. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
Despite their ecological and socioeconomic importance, mangroves are among the most threatened tropical environments in the world. In the past two decades, the world's mangrove degradation and loss were estimated to lie between an 35% and >80%. However, appropriate bioindicators for assessing the impact of external factors, and for differentiating polluted from unpolluted areas are still scarce. Here, we determine the physicochemical profiles of the soils of two mangroves, one exposed to and one not exposed to anthropogenic factors. By metagenomic analysis based on 16S rRNA, we generated the bacterial diversity profiles of the soils and estimated their functional profiles. Our results showed that the two examined mangrove forests differed significantly in the physicochemical properties of the soils, especially regarding organic carbon, phosphorus and metal content, as well as in their microbial communities, which was likely caused by anthropogenic pollution. The physicochemical differences between the soils explained 76% of the differential bacterial composition, and 64% depended solely on gradients of phosphorus, metal ions and potassium. We found two genera JL-ETNP-Z39 and TA06 exclusively in polluted and non-polluted mangroves, respectively. Additionally, the polluted mangrove was enriched in Gemmatimonadetes, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae. A total of 77 genera were affected by anthropic contamination, of which we propose 33 as bioindicators; 26 enriched, and 7 depleted upon pollution.
尽管红树林具有重要的生态和社会经济意义，但它们是世界上受威胁最严重的热带环境之一。在过去的二十年中，世界上红树林的退化和损失估计在 35%到>80%之间。然而，用于评估外部因素影响和区分污染和未污染地区的适当生物标志物仍然稀缺。在这里，我们确定了两个红树林土壤的理化特性，一个暴露于人为因素，另一个没有。通过基于 16S rRNA 的宏基因组分析，我们生成了土壤的细菌多样性图谱，并估计了它们的功能图谱。我们的结果表明，这两个受检查的红树林在土壤的理化性质上存在显著差异，特别是在有机碳、磷和金属含量以及微生物群落方面，这可能是由于人为污染造成的。土壤的理化差异解释了细菌组成差异的 76%，而仅取决于磷、金属离子和钾梯度的差异占 64%。我们发现两个属 JL-ETNP-Z39 和 TA06 分别仅存在于污染和未污染的红树林中。此外，污染的红树林富含 Gemmatimonadetes、Cyanobacteria、Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、Acidobacteria 和 Nitrospirae。共有 77 个属受到人为污染的影响，我们提出其中 33 个作为生物标志物；26 个在污染时富集，7 个在污染时减少。
