Reves J G, Fragen R J, Vinik H R, Greenblatt D J
Anesthesiology. 1985 Mar;62(3):310-24.
Midazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with unique properties when compared with other benzodiazepines. It is water soluble in its acid formulation but is highly lipid soluble in vivo. Midazolam also has a relatively rapid onset of action and high metabolic clearance when compared with other benzodiazepines. The drug produces reliable hypnosis, amnesia, and antianxiety effects when administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously. There are many uses for midazolam in the perioperative period including premedication, anesthesia induction and maintenance, and sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Midazolam is preferable to diazepam in many clinical situations because of its rapid, nonpainful induction and lack of venous irritation. Compared with thiopental, midazolam is not as rapid acting nor predictable in hypnotic effect. It will not replace thiopental as an induction agent. Advantages of midazolam over thiopental are those of the more versatile pharmacologic properties of a benzodiazepine compared with a barbiturate such as amnestic and anxiolytic properties. Midazolam should be a useful addition to the formulary.
与其他苯二氮䓬类药物相比，咪达唑仑是一种具有独特性质的咪唑并苯二氮䓬类药物。其酸性制剂可溶于水，但在体内具有高度脂溶性。与其他苯二氮䓬类药物相比，咪达唑仑还具有起效相对较快和代谢清除率较高的特点。口服、肌肉注射或静脉注射该药物时，可产生可靠的催眠、失忆和抗焦虑作用。咪达唑仑在围手术期有许多用途，包括术前用药、麻醉诱导和维持，以及用于诊断和治疗程序的镇静。在许多临床情况下，咪达唑仑优于地西泮，因为其诱导迅速、无痛且无静脉刺激。与硫喷妥钠相比，咪达唑仑起效不那么快，催眠效果也不可预测。它不会取代硫喷妥钠作为诱导剂。与巴比妥类药物（如硫喷妥钠）相比，咪达唑仑作为苯二氮䓬类药物具有更广泛的药理特性，如失忆和抗焦虑特性，这是其相对于硫喷妥钠的优势。咪达唑仑应是药品配方中的一种有用补充。
