Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Int J Cancer. 2020 Jan 15;146(2):305-320. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32688. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women. The most important risk factor for the development of CC is cervical infection with human papilloma virus (HPV). Inflammation is a protective strategy that is triggered by the host against pathogens such as viral infections that acts rapidly to activate the innate immune response. Inflammation is beneficial if it is brief and well controlled; however, if the inflammation is excessive or it becomes of chronic duration, it can produce detrimental effects. HPV proteins are involved, both directly and indirectly, in the development of chronic inflammation, which is a causal factor in the development of CC. However, other factors may also have a potential role in stimulating chronic inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (a class of noncoding RNAs) are strong regulators of gene expression. They have emerged as key players in several biological processes, including inflammatory pathways. Abnormal expression of miRNAs may be linked to the induction of inflammation that occurs in CC. Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles shed by almost all types of cells, which can function as cargo transfer vehicles. Exosomes contain proteins and genetic material (including miRNAs) derived from their parent cells and can potentially affect recipient cells. Exosomes have recently been recognized to be involved in inflammatory processes and can also affect the immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of HPV proteins, miRNAs and exosomes in the inflammation associated with CC.
宫颈癌（CC）是女性癌症死亡的第四大主要原因。CC 发展的最重要危险因素是 HPV 感染宫颈。炎症是宿主针对病毒感染等病原体的一种保护策略，它能迅速激活先天免疫反应。如果炎症短暂且得到很好的控制，那么它是有益的；然而，如果炎症过度或持续时间过长，它可能会产生有害影响。HPV 蛋白直接或间接地参与慢性炎症的发展，这是 CC 发展的一个因果因素。然而，其他因素也可能在刺激慢性炎症方面发挥潜在作用。微小 RNA（miRNA）（一类非编码 RNA）是基因表达的强有力调节剂。它们已成为包括炎症途径在内的几个生物学过程中的关键参与者。miRNA 的异常表达可能与 CC 中发生的炎症诱导有关。外泌体是几乎所有类型的细胞释放的细胞外囊泡的一个子集，可作为货物转运载体。外泌体包含来自其亲本细胞的蛋白质和遗传物质（包括 miRNA），并可能影响受体细胞。外泌体最近被认为参与炎症过程，并能影响免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HPV 蛋白、miRNA 和外泌体在与 CC 相关的炎症中的作用。
