Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, and Deparment of Medical Microbiology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
Virus Res. 2020 Apr 2;279:197885. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197885. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate over half of human protein-coding genes and play a vital role in cellular development, proliferation, metabolism, and homeostasis. Exosomes are rounded or cup-like extracellular vesicles that carry proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids for release and exchange messages between cells involved in various cellular processes. Influenza virus is a substantial public health challenge. The expression of host miRNAs is altered in response to stimulation by influenza virus. These dysregulated miRNAs directly or indirectly target viral genes to regulate viral replication and stimulate or suppress innate immune responses and cell apoptosis during viral infection. Exosomes released by infected cells are associated with the transfer of antigens and key molecules that activate and modulate immune function. Dysregulation of miRNAs and secretion of exosomes are associated with pathogenicity and immune regulation during influenza infection. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the information available regarding host miRNAs and exosomes that are involved in the modulation of influenza virus infection and will facilitate the development of preventative or therapeutic strategies against influenza virus.
微小 RNA（miRNAs）是小的非编码 RNA，它们在后转录水平上调节超过一半的人类蛋白质编码基因，并在细胞发育、增殖、代谢和内稳态中发挥重要作用。外泌体是圆形或杯状的细胞外囊泡，携带蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA 和脂质，用于释放和交换参与各种细胞过程的细胞之间的信息。流感病毒是一个重大的公共卫生挑战。宿主 miRNAs 的表达在受到流感病毒刺激时会发生改变。这些失调的 miRNAs 直接或间接靶向病毒基因，以调节病毒复制，并在病毒感染期间刺激或抑制先天免疫反应和细胞凋亡。受感染细胞释放的外泌体与抗原和关键分子的转移有关，这些分子可以激活和调节免疫功能。miRNAs 的失调和外泌体的分泌与流感感染期间的致病性和免疫调节有关。本综述全面总结了宿主 miRNAs 和外泌体在调节流感病毒感染中的作用，将有助于开发针对流感病毒的预防或治疗策略。
