Stohler Nadja A, Reinau Daphne, Jick Susan S, Bodmer Daniel, Meier Christoph R
Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Sep 13;11:855-871. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S213136. eCollection 2019.
Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom with potentially negative impact on quality of life. More research is required to gain a deeper understanding of the disease and its clinical presentation. To estimate the incidence of tinnitus and to describe patient-related characteristics such as lifestyle factors and comorbidities.
Using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we calculated incidence rates of first-time diagnosed tinnitus in an adult population between 2000 and 2016. We stratified incidence rates by sex, age, and year of diagnosis. Additionally, we performed a 1:1 matched case-control study comparing body mass index, lifestyle factors and selected comorbidities between patients with incident tinnitus and tinnitus-free controls.
We identified 109 783 adults with a first-time diagnosis of tinnitus between 2000 and 2016, yielding an overall age-standardized incidence rate of 25.0 new tinnitus cases per 10,000 person-years (95% CI: 24.6-25.5). There was a steady increase in tinnitus incidence throughout the study period. Approximately 80% of tinnitus cases were diagnosed at age 40 years or older. We observed the highest incidence rate in individuals aged 60-69 years (41.2 per 10,000 person-years, 95% CI: 40.7-41.7). Smokers and alcohol drinkers were at lower risk of being diagnosed with tinnitus compared with non-smokers and non-drinkers, respectively. The occurrence of tinnitus was strongly associated with a recent diagnosis of several otological and vestibular disorders as well as head and neck disorders.
The present observational study found an increasing incidence of tinnitus over time, emphasizing the continuously growing health burden. The findings on patient characteristics, lifestyle factors, and selected comorbidities contribute to a better understanding of risk factors for tinnitus.
主观性耳鸣是一种常见症状，可能对生活质量产生负面影响。需要更多研究以更深入地了解该疾病及其临床表现。旨在估计耳鸣的发病率，并描述与患者相关的特征，如生活方式因素和合并症。
利用临床实践研究数据链，我们计算了2000年至2016年成年人群中首次诊断耳鸣的发病率。我们按性别、年龄和诊断年份对发病率进行分层。此外，我们进行了一项1:1匹配的病例对照研究，比较新发耳鸣患者与无耳鸣对照者之间的体重指数、生活方式因素和选定的合并症。
我们确定了2000年至2016年间109783例首次诊断为耳鸣的成年人，总体年龄标准化发病率为每10000人年25.0例新发耳鸣病例（95%置信区间：24.6 - 25.5）。在整个研究期间，耳鸣发病率呈稳步上升趋势。约80%的耳鸣病例在40岁及以上被诊断。我们观察到60 - 69岁人群的发病率最高（每10000人年41.2例，95%置信区间：40.7 - 41.7）。吸烟者和饮酒者被诊断为耳鸣的风险分别低于不吸烟者和不饮酒者。耳鸣的发生与近期诊断的几种耳科和前庭疾病以及头颈疾病密切相关。
本观察性研究发现耳鸣发病率随时间增加，强调了健康负担的持续增长。关于患者特征、生活方式因素和选定合并症的研究结果有助于更好地理解耳鸣的危险因素。
