Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
Department of Surgical Education, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw 50-369, Poland.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2019 Oct;244(13):1053-1061. doi: 10.1177/1535370219870771.
Membrane rafts are heterogeneous and dynamic domains that are characterized by tight packing of lipids. They are enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids, and certain types of proteins. Among these are various cell signaling proteins, which indicate that rafts play an important role in cell signal transduction pathways, including some involved in cancer development, progression, and invasiveness. Due to their increased cholesterol content, raft domains exhibit lower fluidity than the surrounding membrane. The cell membranes of some solid tumors, such as breast and prostate cancer, contain higher levels of cholesterol, which means larger raft domain can form in those membranes. This may stimulate signaling pathways to promote tumor growth and progression. This review focuses on the known raft-dependent regulatory mechanisms that promote prostate cancer progression.
Prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy and second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in men. Cholesterol levels are usually higher in prostate cancer cells. This affects the cell membrane composition, with cholesterol and sphingolipid-containing raft membrane domains becoming a greater component. In addition to polar lipids, these domains recruit and regulate certain types of protein, including various cell signaling proteins that are critical to cancer cell survival and invasiveness. This suggests that membrane rafts have a regulatory role in tumor progression, making them a potential target in prostate cancer treatment.
膜筏是具有紧密脂质包装特征的异质和动态结构域。它们富含胆固醇、鞘脂和某些类型的蛋白质。其中包括各种细胞信号蛋白，这表明筏在细胞信号转导途径中发挥着重要作用，包括一些与癌症的发生、发展和侵袭有关的途径。由于胆固醇含量增加，筏域的流动性低于周围膜。一些实体瘤（如乳腺癌和前列腺癌）的细胞膜中胆固醇含量较高，这意味着这些膜中可以形成更大的筏域。这可能会刺激信号通路，促进肿瘤生长和进展。本综述重点介绍了已知的依赖筏的调节机制，这些机制促进了前列腺癌的进展。
前列腺癌仍然是男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤和癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。前列腺癌细胞中的胆固醇水平通常较高。这会影响细胞膜的组成，使胆固醇和含有鞘脂的筏状细胞膜域成为更大的组成部分。除了极性脂质外，这些结构域还募集和调节某些类型的蛋白质，包括对癌细胞存活和侵袭性至关重要的各种细胞信号蛋白。这表明膜筏在肿瘤进展中具有调节作用，使其成为前列腺癌治疗的潜在靶点。
