Schaper Andreas, de Haro Luc, Deters Michael, Hermanns-Clausen Maren, Ebbecke Martin
Giftinformationszentrum-Nord der Länder Bremen, Hamburg, Niedersachsen und Schleswig-Holstein (GIZ-Nord), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Centre Antipoison, Marseille, Frankreich.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2019 Nov;62(11):1332-1335. doi: 10.1007/s00103-019-03025-6.
Exotic poisonous animals such as snakes, marine animals, spiders, and scorpions are a rarity in Central Europe, but are kept as pets by some people. Poisoning caused by these animals is a particular challenge in medical care.Over a period of six years (2001-2006), a total of 202 cases of poisoning with exotic animals were registered and evaluated at four poison information centers in Germany and France. Of the accidents, 91% happened in the home environment; the rest in pet stores. The poisonings were caused by snakes (38%), marine animals (31%), arthropods (spiders and scorpions, 27%), and other poisonous animals (4%). Severe poisoning was involved in 8% of the cases, all caused by snake bites. The severe poisonings were in the form of coagulopathies, severe local symptoms, and a respiratory insufficiency requiring intubation. In six cases of severe poisoning, an immune serum (antivenom) was administered and in three cases a surgical procedure was needed. Deaths did not occur.After the bite of a poisonous animal, the affected limb should usually be immobilized and disinfected, but not tied, cut, or sucked. The exact biological name of the species should be identified. In addition to hospitalization, it is recommended to consult a poison information center.
诸如蛇、海洋动物、蜘蛛和蝎子等外来有毒动物在中欧较为罕见，但仍有一些人将其作为宠物饲养。这些动物导致的中毒事件在医疗救治中是一项特殊挑战。在六年期间（2001 - 2006年），德国和法国的四个中毒信息中心共登记并评估了202例外来动物中毒病例。其中，91%的事故发生在家庭环境中，其余发生在宠物店。中毒事件由蛇（38%）、海洋动物（31%）、节肢动物（蜘蛛和蝎子，27%）以及其他有毒动物（4%）引起。8%的病例涉及严重中毒，均由蛇咬伤所致。严重中毒表现为凝血功能障碍、严重局部症状以及需要插管的呼吸功能不全。在6例严重中毒病例中，使用了免疫血清（抗蛇毒血清），3例需要进行外科手术。未发生死亡病例。被有毒动物咬伤后，通常应固定并消毒受影响的肢体，但不要绑扎、切割或吮吸。应确定该物种的确切生物学名称。除住院治疗外，建议咨询中毒信息中心。
