Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Eskisehir Osmangazi, Eskisehir, Turkey.
J Med Food. 2020 Apr;23(4):388-394. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0197. Epub 2019 Oct 3.
(EO) includes a large number of polyphenolic compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins that have antioxidant activities. was suggested to ease the oxidative stress and inflammation in brain cells. Our aim was to analyze the effects of on learning and memory. Seventy-two (250 ± 25 g) male Wistar albino rats were used for this study. The groups consisted of control, EO100 mg/kg, EO300 mg/kg, scopolamine 1.5 mg/kg, mecamylamine 7.5 mg/kg, combinations of scopolamine with EO100 mg/kg, EO300 mg/kg, and rivastigmine 1.5 mg/kg; and mecamylamine combined with EO100 mg/kg. Before the start of the study, doses were provided once a day for a period of 15 days and for a 6-day experimental period. Thirty minutes after intraperitoneal scopolamine and mecamylamine injections, gastrogavage was applied to each group. Ninety minutes after the drug treatments, locomotor activity and Morris water maze tests were performed. Rats were killed and each hippocampus was used for the quantification of acetylcholine (Ach). Statistical analyses were calculated using one-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), and a value of < .05 was considered significant. In groups EO100 mg/kg and EO300 mg/kg the results did not show any significant changes on learning and memory compared with the control group. Mecamylamine and scopolamine enhanced the latency for the escape platform, and decreased the time spent in escape platform quadrant when the memory tests were applied in reference to the control value of < .05. Scopolamine and mecamylamine combinations of EO100 mg/kg, EO300 mg/kg, and rivastigmine were proven to improve the memory. There was significant difference between the first and fifth days of the learning tests in all the groups, but no significant difference occurred between the groups. Ach levels in hippocampi supported all memory tests. We suggest that made no alterations on learning and memory, but still improved nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-mediated and impaired memory just as rivastigmine.
（EO）包含大量具有抗氧化活性的多酚化合物，如酚类、类黄酮和花青素。据报道，它可以缓解脑细胞的氧化应激和炎症。我们的目的是分析对学习和记忆的影响。本研究使用了 72 只（250±25g）雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠。这些组包括对照组、EO100mg/kg、EO300mg/kg、东莨菪碱 1.5mg/kg、美加仑胺 7.5mg/kg、东莨菪碱与 EO100mg/kg、EO300mg/kg 的组合，以及尼古丁和东莨菪碱与 1.5mg/kg 的 rivastigmine 的组合；以及美加仑胺与 EO100mg/kg 的组合。在研究开始前，每天给予一次剂量，持续 15 天，并进行为期 6 天的实验期。腹腔注射东莨菪碱和美加仑胺 30 分钟后，对每个组进行灌胃。药物治疗后 90 分钟，进行运动活性和 Morris 水迷宫测试。处死大鼠，用每个海马体进行乙酰胆碱（Ach）的定量分析。使用单向和双向方差分析（ANOVA）进行统计分析，并且认为值 < .05 具有统计学意义。在 EO100mg/kg 和 EO300mg/kg 组中，与对照组相比，学习和记忆没有显示出任何显著变化。美加仑胺和东莨菪碱增强了逃避平台的潜伏期，并降低了记忆测试中逃避平台象限的时间，与 < .05 的对照组值相比。东莨菪碱和美加仑胺与 EO100mg/kg、EO300mg/kg 和 rivastigmine 的组合被证明可以改善记忆。在所有组中，学习测试的第一天和第五天之间都有显著差异，但组间没有差异。海马体中的 Ach 水平支持所有的记忆测试。我们认为，对学习和记忆没有改变，但仍像 rivastigmine 一样改善了烟碱和毒蕈碱受体介导的和受损的记忆。
