Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 4;16(19):3735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193735.
Poor diet quality in pregnancy could impact gestational weight gain (GWG) and consequently fetal growth and development. But today there is limited data available on gestational diet quality. This study investigated the association between diet quality in each pregnancy trimester and GWG in Malaysian women. Diet quality was assessed using the modified Healthy Eating Index for Malaysians (HEI). Total GWG was defined as the difference between measured weight at last prenatal visit and pre-pregnancy weight. About one-fourth of women (23.3%) had excessive total GWG. There were significant differences in the HEI component score across trimesters, except for fruits. Overall, overweight/obese women had lower total HEI score (51.49-55.40) during pregnancy compared to non-overweight/obese women (53.38-56.50). For non-overweight/obese women, higher total HEI scores in the second and third trimesters were significantly associated with lower risk of inadequate GWG (aOR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.99, = 0.01) and higher risk of excessive GWG (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07, = 0.03), respectively. Overweight/obese women with higher total HEI scores in the second (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07, = 0.02) and third trimester (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08, = 0.02) were significantly at higher risk for excessive GWG. Pregnant women had relatively low diet quality throughout pregnancy. Diet quality and GWG association differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI with excessive GWG more likely to be associated with higher total HEI scores in the third trimester.
孕期饮食质量差可能会影响妊娠体重增加（GWG），从而影响胎儿的生长和发育。但目前关于妊娠期饮食质量的数据有限。本研究调查了马来西亚女性在每个孕期与 GWG 相关的饮食质量。饮食质量使用改良后的马来西亚健康饮食指数（HEI）进行评估。总 GWG 定义为最后一次产前检查时的体重与孕前体重的差值。约四分之一的女性（23.3%）总 GWG 过多。除了水果外，各孕期的 HEI 成分评分均有显著差异。总体而言，与非超重/肥胖女性（53.38-56.50）相比，超重/肥胖女性在整个孕期的总 HEI 评分（51.49-55.40）较低。对于非超重/肥胖女性，第二和第三孕期总 HEI 评分较高与较低的 GWG 不足风险（aOR = 0.97，95%CI = 0.95-0.99， = 0.01）和较高的 GWG 过多风险（aOR = 1.04，95%CI = 1.01-1.07， = 0.03）显著相关。第二孕期（aOR = 1.04，95%CI = 1.01-1.07， = 0.02）和第三孕期（aOR = 1.04，95%CI = 1.01-1.08， = 0.02）总 HEI 评分较高的超重/肥胖女性 GWG 过多的风险显著增加。整个孕期孕妇的饮食质量相对较低。饮食质量与 GWG 的关联因孕前 BMI 而异，GWG 过多与第三孕期总 HEI 评分较高的关联更有可能。
