Department of Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
Cells. 2019 Oct 6;8(10):1207. doi: 10.3390/cells8101207.
When originally discovered, one of the initial observations was that, when all of the insulin peptide was depleted from serum, the vast majority of the insulin activity remained and this was due to a single additional peptide, IGF-II. The IGF-II gene is adjacent to the insulin gene, which is a result of gene duplication, but has evolved to be considerably more complicated. It was one of the first genes recognised to be imprinted and expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. The gene codes for IGF-II mRNA, but, in addition, also codes for antisense RNA, long non-coding RNA, and several micro RNA. Recent evidence suggests that each of these have important independent roles in metabolic regulation. It has also become clear that an alternatively spliced form of the insulin receptor may be the principle IGF-II receptor. These recent discoveries have important implications for metabolic disorders and also for cancer, for which there is renewed acknowledgement of the importance of metabolic reprogramming.
最初发现的一个观察结果是，当血清中的胰岛素肽全部耗尽时，绝大多数胰岛素活性仍然存在，这是由于一种额外的肽 IGF-II 所致。IGF-II 基因与胰岛素基因相邻，这是基因复制的结果，但已经进化得更加复杂。它是最早被识别为具有亲本来源特异性印迹和表达的基因之一。该基因编码 IGF-II mRNA，但除此之外，还编码反义 RNA、长非编码 RNA 和几种 micro RNA。最近的证据表明，这些 RNA 在代谢调节中都具有重要的独立作用。最近还发现，胰岛素受体的一种选择性剪接形式可能是主要的 IGF-II 受体。这些新发现对代谢紊乱和癌症具有重要意义，人们也重新认识到代谢重编程的重要性。
