Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.
Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
Nutrients. 2019 Oct 7;11(10):2396. doi: 10.3390/nu11102396.
Plants belonging to the genus (family: Zingiberaceae) are distributed in Asia, especially in the southeast region, and Thailand. They have been widely used in traditional medicines to cure metabolic disorders, inflammation, urinary tract infections, fevers, coughs, hypertension, erectile dysfunction, abdominal and gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, wounds, rheumatism, epilepsy, and skin diseases.
Herein, we reported a comprehensive review, including the traditional applications, biological and pharmacological advances, and phytochemical constituents of species from 1972 up to early 2019.
All the information and reported studies concerning plants were summarized from library and digital databases (e.g., Google Scholar, Sci-finder, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, MDPI, Web of Science, etc.). The correlation between the species was evaluated via principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), based on the main chemical classes of compounds.
Approximately 141 chemical constituents have been isolated and reported from species, such as isopimarane, abietane, labdane and clerodane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenyl-heptanoids, curcuminoids, tetrahydropyrano-phenolic, and steroids. A probable biosynthesis pathway for the isopimaradiene skeleton is illustrated. In addition, 15 main documented components of volatile oils of were summarized. Biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, anti-obesity-induced dermatopathy, wound healing, neuroprotective, anti-allergenic, and anti-nociceptive were demonstrated.
Up to date, significant advances in phytochemical and pharmacological studies of different species have been witnessed. So, the traditional uses of these plants have been clarified modern and biological studies. In addition, these traditional uses and reported biological results could be correlated the chemical characterization of these plants. All these data will support the biologists in the elucidation of the biological mechanisms of these plants.
姜黄属（姜科）植物分布于亚洲，特别是东南亚地区和泰国。它们在传统医学中被广泛用于治疗代谢紊乱、炎症、尿路感染、发热、咳嗽、高血压、勃起功能障碍、腹部和胃肠道疾病、哮喘、创伤、风湿、癫痫和皮肤病。
本文综述了自 1972 年至 2019 年初姜黄属植物的传统应用、生物和药理学进展以及植物化学成分。
通过 Google Scholar、Sci-finder、PubMed、Springer、Elsevier、MDPI、Web of Science 等图书馆和数字数据库，总结了所有关于姜黄属植物的信息和报道的研究。通过主成分分析（PCA）和凝聚层次聚类（AHC），根据化合物的主要化学类别，评估了种间的相关性。
从姜黄属植物中分离并报道了约 141 种化学成分，如异松油烯、枞酸、贝壳杉和大戟二萜、黄酮类、酚酸、苯庚烷、姜黄素、四氢吡喃-酚和甾体。图示了异松油二烯骨架的可能生物合成途径。此外，还总结了姜黄属植物挥发油的 15 种主要成分。生物活性包括抗癌、抗炎、抗菌、抗胆碱酯酶、抗氧化、抗肥胖性皮肤病、伤口愈合、神经保护、抗变态反应和镇痛。
迄今为止，不同姜黄属植物的植物化学和药理学研究取得了显著进展。因此，这些植物的传统用途已经通过现代和生物学研究得到了阐明。此外，这些传统用途和报道的生物学结果可以与这些植物的化学特征相关联。所有这些数据将支持生物学家阐明这些植物的生物学机制。
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