Use of clodronate in the management of osteoarthritis: an update.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by joint cartilage wear and loss of normal function. Clodronate (CLO) is a first-generation non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic and modulatory effects on bone and cartilage metabolism. To date, few clinical studies have evaluated the effect of CLO in OA. Current evidence suggests that CLO may represent a new type of analgesic drug as it reduces pain in bone diseases characterized by edema such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrone type-1 and vertebral fractures. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, CLO has been shown to afford benefit in knee OA, erosive OA of the hand, painful knee hip prosthesis and veterinary practice. Transforming growth factor β1 has also been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OA. The present review article examines recent evidence on the potential use of CLO in the treatment of OA.