Zhan Zhilai, Fang Wentao, Ma Xiaohui, Chen Tong, Cui Guanghong, Ma Ying, Kang Liping, Nan Tiegui, Lin Huixin, Tang Jinfu, Zhang Yan, Lai Changjiangsheng, Ren Zhenli, Wang Yanan, Zhao Yujun, Shen Ye, Wang Ling, Zeng Wen, Guo Juan, Huang Luqi
1State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China.
2School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012 China.
Chin Med. 2019 Oct 2;14:42. doi: 10.1186/s13020-019-0265-6. eCollection 2019.
The dry root and rhizome of Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen.
Metabolome analysis was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS) to investigate the metabolites variation between orange Danshen and normal Danshen. RNA sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to analyzing the differentially expressed genes between orange-rooted and normal Danshen.
In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected in metabolome analysis, and seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen.
Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C-C dehydrogenase, might be contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes. This limited dehydrogenation of cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone I into tanshinones IIA and I products, respectively, led to a reduced quality of Danshen in cultivated fields.
丹参的干燥根及根茎是一种著名的传统中药。丹参酮是积累在周皮中的活性化合物，使根部呈现红色。然而，在种植田中观察到了橙色根的品系。在此，我们进行了代谢组学和转录组学分析，以研究橙色根丹参的变化。
采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC/Q-Tof-MS）进行代谢组学分析，以研究橙色丹参和正常丹参之间的代谢物差异。进行RNA测序和KEGG富集分析，以分析橙色根丹参和正常丹参之间的差异表达基因。
代谢组学分析共检测到40种亲脂性成分，橙色丹参中有7种化合物显著减少，包括正常丹参中含量最高的活性化合物丹参酮IIA和丹参酮I。转录组图谱的系统分析表明，未检测到与催化脱氢相关的下调基因。然而，橙色丹参中有两个与抗逆性相关的基因和四个与内质网（ER）相关的蛋白质降解相关的基因上调。
丹参酮IIA等脱氢呋喃环丹参酮含量的降低导致了丹参的表型变化和品质下降。转录组分析表明，可能是相应的能催化碳-碳脱氢酶的酶折叠错误以及内质网相关降解导致脱氢呋喃环丹参酮减少，而不是相关基因表达降低。隐丹参酮和二氢丹参酮I分别向丹参酮IIA和I产物的有限脱氢导致了种植田中丹参品质的下降。
