Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Accident Prevention and Assessment Division Ⅱ;, National Institute of Chemical Safety, 90 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34111, Republic of Korea.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Dec 30;186:109721. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109721. Epub 2019 Oct 5.
Industrial wastewater discharge is one of major threats to the sustainability of aquatic environment. Rapid and sensitive detection of toxic wastewater discharge and appropriate control if necessary are therefore crucial. In the present study, a 1 h Daphnia magna exposure with heartbeat as an observation endpoint was developed and assessed for its utility as a rapid toxicity screening measure. Two types of metal-rich industrial wastewater, i.e., metal plating and the semiconductor industry were chosen as target samples, and the 1 h heartbeat assay was applied. Based on a literature search, four metals, i.e., Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn were identified as major chemicals of ecotoxicological concerns in these wastewaters. The effective concentrations determined for each metal from the D. magna 1 h heartbeat test were comparable to those derived from the conventional D. magna 48 h immobilization test. Copper sulfate (CuSO) was determined as the most toxic, followed by potassium dichromate (KCrO), nickel sulfate (NiSO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO). For ternary mixtures, the 1 h heartbeat test showed also comparable responses to those of the 48 h immobilization test, suggesting its utility for screening the toxicity of simple metal mixtures. For the site-sampled metal plating water, the rapid heartbeat assay showed similar responses to those of the 48 h immobilization assay. However, for the semiconductor industry wastewater, clearly different responses were observed in both the heartbeat and immobilization assays, probably due to the influence of other contaminants with different modes of action that are present in the wastewater. Our observations showed that the D. magna 1 h heartbeat test can be considered as a rapid ecotoxicity screening measure for certain wastewaters with simple metal mixtures.
工业废水排放是水生环境可持续性的主要威胁之一。因此，快速、灵敏地检测有毒废水排放，并在必要时进行适当的控制至关重要。在本研究中，开发了一种 1 小时大型溞暴露试验，以心跳为观察终点，评估其作为快速毒性筛选方法的适用性。选择了两种富金属工业废水，即金属电镀和半导体工业作为目标样品，并应用了 1 小时心跳测定法。根据文献检索，Cu、Cr、Ni 和 Zn 这四种金属被确定为废水中具有生态毒理学关注的主要化学物质。从大型溞 1 小时心跳试验中确定的每种金属的有效浓度与从常规大型溞 48 小时固定试验中得出的浓度相当。硫酸铜（CuSO）被确定为最毒，其次是重铬酸钾（KCrO）、硫酸镍（NiSO）和硫酸锌（ZnSO）。对于三元混合物，1 小时心跳试验的反应与 48 小时固定试验的反应相当，表明其可用于筛选简单金属混合物的毒性。对于现场采集的金属电镀水，快速心跳试验与 48 小时固定试验的反应相似。然而，对于半导体工业废水，在心跳和固定试验中观察到明显不同的反应，可能是由于废水中存在其他作用模式不同的污染物的影响。我们的观察结果表明，大型溞 1 小时心跳试验可以被认为是某些具有简单金属混合物的废水的快速生态毒性筛选方法。
