Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
J Virol. 2019 Dec 12;94(1). doi: 10.1128/JVI.01623-19.
The recent reemergence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Brazil has raised serious concerns due to the rapid dissemination of the virus in the southeastern region. To better understand YFV genetic diversity and dynamics during the recent outbreak in southeastern Brazil, we generated 18 complete and nearly complete genomes from the peak of the epidemic curve from nonhuman primates (NHPs) and human infected cases across the Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. Genomic sequencing of 18 YFV genomes revealed the estimated timing, source, and likely routes of yellow fever virus transmission and dispersion during one of the largest outbreaks ever registered in Brazil. We showed that during the recent epidemic, YFV was reintroduced from Minas Gerais to the Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states multiple times between 2016 and 2019. The analysis of data from portable sequencing could identify the corridor of spread of YFV. These findings reinforce the idea that continued genomic surveillance strategies can provide information on virus genetic diversity and transmission dynamics that might assist in understanding arbovirus epidemics. Arbovirus infections in Brazil, including yellow fever, dengue, zika, and chikungunya, result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of YFV during the current outbreak by analyzing genomic data from areas in southeastern Brazil not covered by other previous studies. To gain insights into the routes of YFV introduction and dispersion, we tracked the virus by sequencing YFV genomes sampled from nonhuman primates and infected patients from the southeastern region. Our study provides an understanding of how YFV initiates transmission in new Brazilian regions and illustrates that genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.
最近，巴西黄热病病毒（YFV）的再次出现引起了严重关注，因为该病毒在东南部地区迅速传播。为了更好地了解巴西东南部近期疫情中 YFV 的遗传多样性和动态，我们从非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）和感染病例中生成了 18 个来自埃斯皮里图桑托州和里约热内卢州流行曲线高峰期的完整和近乎完整的基因组。对 18 个 YFV 基因组的基因组测序揭示了在巴西有记录以来最大的疫情之一期间，黄热病病毒传播和扩散的估计时间、来源和可能途径。我们表明，在最近的疫情中，YFV 于 2016 年至 2019 年期间多次从米纳斯吉拉斯州重新引入到埃斯皮里图桑托州和里约热内卢州。便携式测序数据的分析可以确定 YFV 传播的走廊。这些发现加强了这样一种观点，即持续的基因组监测策略可以提供有关病毒遗传多样性和传播动态的信息，这可能有助于理解虫媒病毒病的流行。巴西的虫媒病毒病感染，包括黄热病、登革热、寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅热，导致相当大的发病率和死亡率，是紧迫的公共卫生关注。然而，由于基因组数据的有限可用性，我们对这些疫情的了解受到阻碍。在这项研究中，我们通过分析巴西东南部未被其他先前研究覆盖的地区的基因组数据，调查了当前疫情中 YFV 的遗传多样性和空间分布。为了深入了解 YFV 引入和扩散的途径，我们通过对来自东南部地区的非人类灵长类动物和感染患者的 YFV 基因组进行测序来追踪病毒。我们的研究提供了对 YFV 如何在新的巴西地区启动传播的理解，并说明现场基因组学可以增强传统的传染病监测和控制方法。
