Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02354, USA.
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Curr Biol. 2019 Oct 21;29(20):3439-3456.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.050. Epub 2019 Oct 10.
Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study, fungi were cultured from the marine environment in the vicinity of Woods Hole, MA, USA, including from plankton, sponge, and coral. Our sampling resulted in 35 unique species across 20 genera. We observed many isolates by time-lapse, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and analyzed modes of growth and division. Several black yeasts displayed highly unconventional cell division cycles compared to those of traditional model yeast systems. Black yeasts have been found in habitats inhospitable to other life and are known for halotolerance, virulence, and stress resistance. We find that this group of yeasts also shows remarkable plasticity in terms of cell size control, modes of cell division, and cell polarity. Unexpected behaviors include division through a combination of fission and budding, production of multiple simultaneous buds, and cell division by sequential orthogonal septations. These marine-derived yeasts reveal alternative mechanisms for cell division cycles that seem likely to expand the repertoire of rules established from classic model system yeasts.
真菌已在所有已探索的海洋栖息地中被发现；然而，海洋中真菌的多样性和功能仍知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们从美国马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔附近的海洋环境中培养了真菌，包括浮游生物、海绵和珊瑚。我们的采样结果产生了 20 属 35 个独特的物种。我们通过延时、微分干涉对比 (DIC) 显微镜观察了许多分离物，并分析了生长和分裂模式。与传统模式酵母系统相比，一些黑酵母的细胞分裂周期表现出高度非常规的模式。黑酵母存在于其他生命无法生存的栖息地中，以耐盐性、致病性和抗应激性而闻名。我们发现，这群酵母在细胞大小控制、细胞分裂模式和细胞极性方面也表现出显著的可塑性。出乎意料的行为包括通过裂殖和出芽的组合进行分裂、同时产生多个芽以及通过顺序正交分隔进行细胞分裂。这些源自海洋的酵母揭示了细胞分裂周期的替代机制，这些机制似乎有可能扩展经典模式系统酵母所建立的规则范围。
