Zivanovic Goran, Arenas Conxita, Mestres Francesc
Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Secció Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Genetica. 2019 Dec;147(5-6):401-409. doi: 10.1007/s10709-019-00078-y. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
The changes of chromosomal inversion polymorphism composition of Drosophila subobscura in samples from Apatin (Serbia) were studied in a 24-years interval (1994-2018). The variation was significant for all autosomes and directional, increasing the inversions considered as 'warm', whereas those reported as 'cold' decreased. Furthermore, the Chromosomal Thermal Index (CTI), which allows studying the thermal adaptation of the whole karyotype increased significantly in that period of time. These results were in agreement with the indicators of global warming in Apatin: a trend to increase of the mean, maximum and minimum (this latter even significant) temperatures, and an erratic pattern of rainfall (also usual in global warming). The deviations from the Wright-Fisher model of genetic drift were used to consider the possible effect of migration or selection as evolutionary factors responsible for the change in inversion frequencies. To quantify approximately the rate of change in the frequencies, for each kind of inversions ('cold', 'warm' and 'non-thermal adapted'), the difference in frequency between the Apatin samples obtained in 1994 and 2018 was computed and then it was divided by the number of years elapsed. This rate was always higher (from twice as many as thirty times more depending on the autosome) for thermal adapted inversions ('cold' or 'warm') than the 'non-thermal' adapted. From this study, it could be concluded that the chromosomal inversions of D. subobscura could change (in composition and frequencies) in a predictable direction and a rather 'rapid' rhythm to adapt to the global warming scenario.
在24年的时间间隔（1994 - 2018年）内，对采自塞尔维亚阿帕廷的果蝇亚暗果蝇样本的染色体倒位多态性组成变化进行了研究。所有常染色体的变异都很显著且呈方向性，被视为“温暖型”的倒位增加，而被报告为“寒冷型”的倒位减少。此外，在此期间，用于研究整个核型热适应性的染色体热指数（CTI）显著增加。这些结果与阿帕廷的全球变暖指标一致：平均温度、最高温度和最低温度（后者甚至显著）呈上升趋势，以及降雨模式不稳定（这也是全球变暖中常见的）。利用与遗传漂变的赖特 - 费希尔模型的偏差来考虑迁移或选择作为导致倒位频率变化的进化因素的可能影响。为了大致量化频率变化率，对于每种倒位类型（“寒冷型”、“温暖型”和“非热适应性”），计算了1994年和2018年阿帕廷样本之间的频率差异，然后除以经过的年数。热适应性倒位（“寒冷型”或“温暖型”）的这个变化率总是比“非热适应性”的高（根据常染色体不同，高出两倍到三十倍不等）。从这项研究可以得出结论，果蝇亚暗果蝇的染色体倒位能够以可预测的方向和相当“快速”的节奏（在组成和频率上）发生变化，以适应全球变暖的情况。
