School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 Dec;274:102037. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102037. Epub 2019 Oct 17.
In recent years, gold nanoparticles have emerged as unique non-invasive drug carriers for targeting drugs to their site of action. Their site specificity has helped in increasing drugs' efficacy at lower dose as well as reduction in their side effects. Moreover, their excellent optical properties and small size offer their utilization as diagnostic tools to diagnose tumors as well as other diseases. This review focuses on various approaches that have been used in last several years for preparation of gold nanoparticles, their characterization techniques and theranostic applications. Their toxicity related aspects are also highlighted. Gold nanoparticles are useful as theranostic agents, owing to their small size, biocompatible nature, size dependent physical, chemical and optical properties etc. However, the challenges associated with these nanoparticles such as scale up, cost, low drug payload, toxicity and stability have been the major impediments in their commercialization. The review looks into all these critical issues and identifies the possibilities to overcome these challenges for successful positioning of metallic nanoparticles in market.
近年来，金纳米粒子作为独特的非侵入性药物载体，已成为将药物靶向作用部位的研究热点。其靶向性有助于在降低药物剂量的同时提高药物的疗效，并减少其副作用。此外，其出色的光学特性和小尺寸使其可作为诊断工具，用于诊断肿瘤和其他疾病。本综述重点介绍了近年来用于制备金纳米粒子的各种方法、它们的表征技术以及治疗应用。还强调了与毒性相关的方面。金纳米粒子因其尺寸小、生物相容性、尺寸依赖性物理、化学和光学特性等优点，可用作治疗诊断试剂。然而，与这些纳米粒子相关的挑战，如规模扩大、成本、低药物载量、毒性和稳定性等，一直是其商业化的主要障碍。本综述探讨了所有这些关键问题，并确定了克服这些挑战的可能性，以期成功将金属纳米粒子推向市场。
