高机会成本需求作为工作日饮酒和明显严重酒精问题的指标：行为经济学分析。
High Opportunity Cost Demand as an Indicator of Weekday Drinking and Distinctly Severe Alcohol Problems: A Behavioral Economic Analysis.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2019 Dec;43(12):2607-2619. doi: 10.1111/acer.14206. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
INTRODUCTION
Behavioral economic theory views addiction as a reinforcer pathology characterized by excessive demand for drugs relative to alternatives. Complementary to this theory, Lamb and Ginsburg (Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 164, 2018, 62) describe addiction as a behavioral allocation disorder and predict that decisions to drink under increasingly stringent constraints are a central indicator of addiction. This study used a modified demand-curve paradigm to examine alcohol demand in the context of a next-day contingency (high opportunity cost demand) as a specific indicator of a severe pattern of alcohol problems.
METHODS
Participants were 370 undergraduates (61.1% female, 86.5% white, M = 18.8) reporting multiple past-month heavy drinking episodes (5/4 drinks per occasion for men/women) who completed 2 versions of an alcohol purchase task (APT), along with measures of past-month alcohol use and problems. In 1 APT (low opportunity cost), students imagined they had no next-day responsibilities, and in the other APT (high opportunity cost), they imagined having a 10:00 am test the next day. Item-response theory analyses were used to determine mild and severe alcohol problems from the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 67, 2006, 169), and the most and least severe binge drinking days throughout the week.
RESULTS
Low opportunity cost demand (β = 0.15, p = 0.02) significantly predicted beyond high opportunity cost demand for the least severe problems, and high opportunity cost demand (β = 0.17, p = 0.009) significantly predicted beyond low opportunity cost demand for the most severe problems. Similarly, low opportunity cost demand (β = 0.26, p < 0.001) was more highly associated with weekend drinking, whereas high opportunity cost demand (β = 0.21, p = 0.001) was more highly associated with weekday drinking.
CONCLUSIONS
The current results suggest high opportunity cost alcohol demand is a distinct marker of severe alcohol problems among college student heavy drinkers.
简介
行为经济学理论将成瘾视为一种强化病理，其特征是相对于其他选择，对药物的需求过度。Lamb 和 Ginsburg（药理学、生物化学和行为学，164，2018，62）从这个理论出发，将成瘾描述为一种行为分配障碍，并预测在越来越严格的限制下饮酒的决定是成瘾的一个核心指标。本研究使用改良的需求曲线范式，在第二天的约束条件下（高机会成本需求），考察酒精需求，作为严重酒精问题模式的特定指标。
方法
参与者为 370 名本科生（61.1%为女性，86.5%为白人，M=18.8），报告过去一个月有多次重度饮酒（男性/女性每次 5/4 杯），他们完成了酒精购买任务（APT）的 2 个版本，以及过去一个月的饮酒和问题的测量。在一个 APT（低机会成本）中，学生们想象自己没有第二天的责任，而在另一个 APT（高机会成本）中，他们想象自己第二天上午 10 点有一个测试。使用项目反应理论分析从《青年酒精后果问卷》（酒精研究杂志，67，2006，169）中确定轻度和重度酒精问题，以及一周中最严重和最轻微的狂欢饮酒日。
结果
低机会成本需求（β=0.15，p=0.02）显著预测了最不严重问题的高机会成本需求，而高机会成本需求（β=0.17，p=0.009）显著预测了最严重问题的低机会成本需求。同样，低机会成本需求（β=0.26，p<0.001）与周末饮酒的关联度更高，而高机会成本需求（β=0.21，p=0.001）与工作日饮酒的关联度更高。
结论
目前的结果表明，高机会成本的酒精需求是大学生重度饮酒者严重酒精问题的一个独特标志。
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