Michalski M M, Gałęcki R, Siedlecka K
Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 13 Poland.
Pomeranian Rehabilitation Center for Wild Animals "Ostoja", 83-305 Pomieczyno, Słupia 30c Poland.
Helminthologia. 2019 Mar 6;56(1):62-65. doi: 10.2478/helm-2018-0042. eCollection 2019 Mar.
Mute swans () of the Anatidae family are common in wetlands of Europe. They winter in Africa, Asia and some parts of Europe. The species is exposed to many pathogens in its places of residence, including parasites possibly introduced from tropical countries by other species of birds that take long wanderings and occupy a similar ecological niche. One such case is the infection of the , nematode belonging to the Filarioidea family. It invades the bird's myocardium and, according to some authors, this nematode may be one of the main causes of swans' deaths. The material for the present study was an approximately 2 year old female mute swan, which during the flight fell suddenly to the ground in Pomorskie Voivodeship (Poland, 53°50'18″N 18°12'54″E) in November. During the examination and medical observation, weakness, diarrhea and infestation with lice were found. The cause of its eventual death was attributed to a failure of the circulatory system. Post mortem, two abscesses with diameters of 2-3 cm were found in its liver parenchyma. Three nematodes were visible in the epicardium and many more in myocardium. Upon cutting open the heart, small yellowish foci, about 1 mm in diameter were scattered over valves. On the basis of morphological features, infection by was concluded. As far as we are aware, in Poland there were no earlier reports of this parasite infecting a swan.
鸭科的疣鼻天鹅在欧洲湿地很常见。它们在非洲、亚洲和欧洲的一些地区越冬。该物种在其栖息地会接触到许多病原体，包括可能由长途迁徙并占据相似生态位的其他鸟类物种从热带国家引入的寄生虫。其中一个例子是感染了属于丝虫科的线虫。它侵入鸟类的心肌，据一些作者称，这种线虫可能是天鹅死亡的主要原因之一。本研究的材料是一只约2岁的雌性疣鼻天鹅，11月在波兰滨海省（波兰，北纬53°50'18″，东经18°12'54″）飞行时突然坠地。在检查和医学观察过程中，发现它虚弱、腹泻并有虱子感染。其最终死亡原因归因于循环系统衰竭。死后检查发现，其肝实质中有两个直径为2 - 3厘米的脓肿。在心外膜可见三条线虫，心肌中还有更多。切开心脏后，瓣膜上散布着直径约1毫米的小黄点。根据形态特征，得出感染该线虫的结论。据我们所知，在波兰此前没有这种寄生虫感染天鹅的报告。
