University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia.
University of Gondar, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2019 Sep 23;2019:9790216. doi: 10.1155/2019/9790216. eCollection 2019.
Pneumonia causes about two million under-five deaths each year, accounting for nearly one in five child deaths globally. Knowing the determinants of under-five pneumonia is useful for prevention and intervention programs that are aimed to control the disease. Thus, the main aim of this study was to assess the determinants of under-five pneumonia at Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia.
An institution-based unmatched case-control study was carried out from April 1 to April 30, 2015, taking a sample size of 435 study participants (145 cases and 290 controls). The researchers used a systematic random sampling technique for selecting cases and controls. Data were entered and cleaned using Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariable analysis was performed, and variables with a value less than 0.2 were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Determinant factors were identified based on value less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (AOR with 95% CI).
An increased odds of pneumonia was associated with children who had diarrhea in the past fifteen days of data collection (AOR = 6.183; 95% CI: 3.482, 10.977), children's mothers who did not hear about how to handle domestic smoking (AOR = 5.814; 95% CI: 2.757, 12.261), and children of mothers who did not follow proper handwashing practice (AOR = 3.469; 95% CI: 1.753, 6.863).
Being infected with diarrhea, not knowing how to handle domestic smoking, and poor compliance with proper handwashing practice were identified as determinants of pneumonia. Dedicated, coordinated, and integrated intervention needs to be taken to enhance proper handwashing practice by mothers/caregivers, improve the indoor air quality, and prevent diarrheal diseases at the community level.
肺炎每年导致约 200 万五岁以下儿童死亡，占全球儿童死亡人数的近五分之一。了解五岁以下儿童肺炎的决定因素有助于预防和干预旨在控制该疾病的计划。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估埃塞俄比亚贡德尔大学医院五岁以下儿童肺炎的决定因素。
2015 年 4 月 1 日至 4 月 30 日，进行了一项基于机构的病例对照研究，样本量为 435 名研究参与者（145 例病例和 290 例对照）。研究人员使用系统随机抽样技术选择病例和对照。使用 Epi Info 版本 7 输入和清理数据，并将其导出到 SPSS 版本 20 进行分析。进行了单变量分析， 值小于 0.2 的变量被纳入多变量逻辑回归。基于 值小于 0.05 和 95%置信区间（95%CI）调整后的优势比（AOR 与 95%CI）确定决定因素。
在过去 15 天的数据收集期间，患有腹泻的儿童患肺炎的几率增加（AOR=6.183；95%CI：3.482，10.977），母亲没有听说过如何处理家庭吸烟的儿童（AOR=5.814；95%CI：2.757，12.261），母亲没有遵循正确洗手习惯的儿童（AOR=3.469；95%CI：1.753，6.863）。
感染腹泻、不知道如何处理家庭吸烟以及不遵守正确洗手习惯被确定为肺炎的决定因素。需要采取专门、协调和综合的干预措施，以增强母亲/照顾者的正确洗手习惯，改善室内空气质量，并在社区层面预防腹泻病。
