Urch R B, Silverman F, Corey P, Shephard R J, Cole P, Goldsmith L J
Gage Research Institute, Department of Medicine, School of Physical and Health Education, University of Toronto.
Environ Res. 1988 Oct;47(1):34-47. doi: 10.1016/s0013-9351(88)80019-7.
The influence of suggestibility on responses to passive cigarette smoke exposure was tested in a group of 24 healthy adult nonasthmatic nonsmokers and 16 asthmatic nonsmokers. Sixty-five-min exposures to air and to moderate (17 ppm carbon monoxide) and heavy (31 ppm carbon monoxide) concentrations of machine-produced cigarette smoke were carried out according to a design that permitted all six permutations of the three treatments to be equally represented. Nonasthmatic subjects exercised intermittently at an intensity inducing a respiratory ventilation of 43.6 liters/min, while asthmatic individuals were at rest, in a 14.6-m3 chamber; all viewed a bank of burning cigarettes during each exposure. Significant dose-response relationships were observed for reported symptoms, deterioration of pulmonary function, increase in nasal airflow resistance, and increase of carboxyhemoglobin levels. These findings could reflect either a pure physiological response, or an interaction between physiological and psychological responses. For asthmatics, correlations between pulmonary function responses and baseline measures of suggestibility showed 5/45 (11%) significant correlations (P less than 0.05) for both the ratio of saline diluent/air FEV1 during methacholine inhalation challenge and an index derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), while no significant correlations were shown with the James "locus of control" test. Nonasthmatics showed 4/45 (9%) significant correlations for both the James test and the MMPI index, and 1/45 (2%) for the ratio of saline diluent/air FEV1. It is concluded that while suggestibility may augment physiological responses to passive smoking, any effect is relatively weak.
在一组24名健康的成年非哮喘非吸烟者和16名哮喘非吸烟者中，测试了暗示性对被动吸烟暴露反应的影响。根据一种设计进行了65分钟的空气暴露以及中等浓度（一氧化碳17 ppm）和高浓度（一氧化碳31 ppm）的机器产生的香烟烟雾暴露，该设计使三种处理的所有六种排列组合得到同等体现。非哮喘受试者在一个14.6立方米的舱室内以诱导呼吸通气量为43.6升/分钟的强度进行间歇性运动，而哮喘患者则处于休息状态；在每次暴露期间，所有人都看着一排燃烧的香烟。在报告的症状、肺功能恶化、鼻气流阻力增加和碳氧血红蛋白水平升高方面观察到了显著的剂量反应关系。这些发现可能反映了纯粹的生理反应，或者生理和心理反应之间的相互作用。对于哮喘患者，肺功能反应与暗示性基线测量之间的相关性显示，在乙酰甲胆碱吸入激发试验期间盐水稀释剂/空气FEV1的比值以及明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）得出的一个指数方面，有5/45（11%）的显著相关性（P小于0.05），而与詹姆斯“控制点”测试没有显著相关性。非哮喘患者在詹姆斯测试和MMPI指数方面有4/45（9%）的显著相关性，在盐水稀释剂/空气FEV1比值方面有1/45（2%）的显著相关性。得出的结论是，虽然暗示性可能会增强对被动吸烟的生理反应，但任何影响都相对较弱。
