中国室内外灰尘中的有机磷二酯和三酯及其对人体暴露的影响。
Organophosphate di- and tri-esters in indoor and outdoor dust from China and its implications for human exposure.
机构信息
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, United States.
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jan 15;700:134502. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134502. Epub 2019 Oct 8.
Organophosphate (OP) esters are emerging environmental contaminants, but little is known about their occurrence in dust. In this study, 19 OP triesters and their 11 diester degradation products were measured in indoor dust and outdoor dust collected from China. ∑OP triester concentrations in indoor dust (median: 2380 ng/g dry weight [dw]) were an order of magnitude higher than those in outdoor dust (446 ng/g dw). The median concentrations of ∑OP diesters in indoor and outdoor dust were 260 and 96.8 ng/g dw, respectively. Dust samples collected from eastern and southern China contained higher concentrations of ∑OP di- and tri-esters than those from the other regions. Dust from the most urbanized areas in China including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou exhibited the highest concentrations of ∑OP di- (>1000 ng/g dw) and triesters (>4000 ng/g dw). We also found notable concentrations of emerging aryl-OP triesters in dust (3.85-10.6 ng/g dw). Significant correlations existed between the concentrations of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (rho = 0.672-0.691, p < 0.01), as well as DPHP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) (rho = 0.537-0.766, p < 0.01) in dust samples, indicating that OP diesters originated from the degradation of triesters. High molar concentration ratios of DEP to triethyl phosphate (TEP) and DPHP to TPHP/ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) suggested that these OP triesters degrade readily. Significant correlations were found between the concentrations of ∑OP di- (R = 0.390, p < 0.05) and tri-esters (R = 0.475, p < 0.01) in paired indoor-outdoor dust samples, which suggested that indoor dust was the source of OP esters to the outdoor environment. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of ∑OP diesters through dust ingestion was 0.21 ng/kg bw/d for adults and 2.59 ng/kg bw/d for children. The exposure levels of OP diesters, DEP and DPHP, were comparable to those of their parent triester compounds.
有机磷 (OP) 酯是新兴的环境污染物，但关于其在尘埃中的存在情况知之甚少。本研究测定了中国室内灰尘和室外灰尘中 19 种 OP 三酯及其 11 种二酯降解产物。室内灰尘中∑OP 三酯浓度（中位数：2380ng/g 干重[dw]）比室外灰尘高一个数量级（446ng/g dw）。室内和室外灰尘中∑OP 二酯的中位数浓度分别为 260 和 96.8ng/g dw。来自中国东部和南部的灰尘样本中含有的∑OP 二-和三-酯浓度高于其他地区。包括北京、上海和广州在内的中国城市化程度最高的地区的灰尘中∑OP 二酯（>1000ng/g dw）和三酯（>4000ng/g dw）的浓度最高。我们还发现尘埃中存在显著浓度的新型芳基 OP 三酯（3.85-10.6ng/g dw）。在灰尘样本中，二（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯（BEHP）和三（2-乙基己基）磷酸酯（TEHP）之间（rho=0.672-0.691，p<0.01）以及 DPHP 和三苯基磷酸酯（TPHP）之间（rho=0.537-0.766，p<0.01）存在显著相关性，表明 OP 二酯来源于三酯的降解。DEP 与三乙基磷酸酯（TEP）和 DPHP 与 TPHP/乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯（EHDPP）之间的高摩尔浓度比表明这些 OP 三酯易于降解。室内-室外配对灰尘样本中∑OP 二酯（R=0.390，p<0.05）和三酯（R=0.475，p<0.01）浓度之间存在显著相关性，这表明室内灰尘是 OP 酯向室外环境的来源。通过灰尘摄入摄入的∑OP 二酯的估计每日摄入量（EDI）成人和儿童分别为 0.21ng/kg bw/d 和 2.59ng/kg bw/d。OP 二酯、DEP 和 DPHP 的暴露水平与母体三酯化合物相当。
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