Ghnaimawi Saeed, Shelby Sarah, Baum Jamie, Huang Yan
Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR, USA.
Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR, USA.
Anim Cells Syst (Seoul). 2019 Sep 3;23(5):355-364. doi: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1661282. eCollection 2019.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulate cellular metabolic functions and gene expression. This study investigated the impacts of EPA and DHA on gene expression and morphological changes during adipogenic inducement in C2C12 myoblasts. Cells were cultured and treated with differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and DHA. Cells treated with fatty acids had noticeable lipid droplets, but no formation of myotubes compared to control group cells. The expression levels of key genes relevant to adipogenesis and inflammation were significantly higher (< 0.05) in cells treated with fatty acids. Genes associated with myogenesis and mitochondrial biosynthesis and function had lower ( < 0.05) expression with fatty acids supplementation. Moreover, fatty acid treatment reduced ( < 0.05) oxygen consumption rate in the differentiated cells. This suggested blocking myotube formation through supplementation with EPA and DHA drove myoblasts to enter the quiescent state and enabled adipogenic trans-differentiation of the myoblasts. Data also suggested that overdosage of EPA and DHA during gestation may drive fetal mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to the fate of adipogenesis and have a long-term effect on childhood obesity.
二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）可调节细胞代谢功能和基因表达。本研究调查了EPA和DHA对C2C12成肌细胞脂肪生成诱导过程中基因表达和形态变化的影响。细胞在添加和不添加50 μM EPA及DHA的分化培养基中进行培养和处理。与对照组细胞相比，用脂肪酸处理的细胞有明显的脂滴，但未形成肌管。与脂肪生成和炎症相关的关键基因的表达水平在用脂肪酸处理的细胞中显著更高（<0.05）。补充脂肪酸后，与肌生成以及线粒体生物合成和功能相关的基因表达较低（<0.05）。此外，脂肪酸处理降低了（<0.05）分化细胞中的耗氧率。这表明通过补充EPA和DHA来阻断肌管形成会促使成肌细胞进入静止状态，并使成肌细胞发生脂肪生成转分化。数据还表明，孕期过量摄入EPA和DHA可能会促使胎儿间充质干细胞向脂肪生成命运分化，并对儿童期肥胖产生长期影响。
