Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC 20036, USA.
Nutrients. 2019 Nov 7;11(11):2691. doi: 10.3390/nu11112691.
Most Americans have dietary sodium intakes that far exceed recommendations. Given the association of high sodium with hypertension, strategies to reduce sodium intakes are an important public health target. Glutamates, such as monosodium glutamate, represent a potential strategy to reduce overall intakes while preserving product palatability; therefore, this project aimed to model sodium replacement with glutamates. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate current sodium intakes, and intakes resulting from glutamate substitution (25%-45%) in a limited set of food groups for which substitution is possible. Data sets for individuals aged ≥1 year enrolled in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016 ( = 16,183) were used in the analyses. Glutamate substitution in accordance with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's food codes was modeled by conservatively altering estimates of sodium intake reductions derived from the published, peer-reviewed literature. The addition of glutamates to certain food categories has the potential to reduce the population's sodium intake by approximately 3% overall and by 7%-8% among consumers of ≥1 product category in which glutamates were substituted for sodium chloride. Although using glutamates to substitute the amount of sodium among certain food groups may show modest effects on intakes across the population, it is likely to have a more substantial effect on individuals who consume specific products.
大多数美国人的饮食钠摄入量远远超过建议量。鉴于高钠与高血压有关，因此减少钠摄入量的策略是一个重要的公共卫生目标。谷氨酸盐，如谷氨酸钠，代表了一种减少总摄入量同时保持产品美味的潜在策略；因此，本项目旨在用谷氨酸盐替代钠。使用美国国家癌症研究所的方法来估计当前的钠摄入量，并根据在某些可能替代的食物组中替代 25%-45%谷氨酸盐的情况来估计摄入量。对参加美国国家健康和营养调查 2013-2016 年（n=16183）的年龄≥1 岁的个体的数据进行了分析。根据美国农业部的食品代码，通过保守地改变从已发表的同行评审文献中得出的钠摄入量减少的估计值，对谷氨酸盐替代进行了建模。在某些食物类别中添加谷氨酸盐有可能使人群的钠摄入量总体减少约 3%，在食用替代了氯化钠的谷氨酸盐的≥1 种食物类别的消费者中减少 7%-8%。虽然在某些食物组中用谷氨酸盐替代一定量的钠可能会对整个人群的摄入量产生适度的影响，但它可能对食用特定产品的个体产生更显著的影响。
