Dunford Elizabeth K, Poti Jennifer M, Popkin Barry M
Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia.
Carolina Population Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Jun 17;9(6):610. doi: 10.3390/nu9060610.
The US population consumes dietary sodium well in excess of recommended levels. It is unknown how the contribution of snack foods to sodium intake has changed over time, and whether disparities exist within specific subgroups of the US population.
To examine short and long term trends in the contribution of snack food sources to dietary sodium intake for US adults and children over a 37-year period from 1977 to 2014.
We used data collected from eight nationally representative surveys of food intake in 50,052 US children aged 2-18 years, and 73,179 adults aged 19+ years between 1977 and 2014. Overall, patterns of snack food consumption, trends in sodium intake from snack food sources and trends in food and beverage sources of sodium from snack foods across race-ethnic, age, gender, body mass index, household education and income groups were examined.
In all socio-demographic subgroups there was a significant increase in both per capita sodium intake, and the proportion of sodium intake derived from snacks from 1977-1978 to 2011-2014 ( < 0.01). Those with the lowest household education, Non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity, and the lowest income had the largest increase in sodium intake from snacks. While in 1977-1978 Non-Hispanic Blacks had a lower sodium intake from snacks compared to Non-Hispanic Whites ( < 0.01), in 2011-2014 they had a significantly higher intake. Important disparities are emerging in dietary sodium intake from snack sources in Non-Hispanic Blacks. Our findings have implications for future policy interventions targeting specific US population subgroups.
美国人群膳食钠摄入量远超过推荐水平。目前尚不清楚零食对钠摄入的贡献随时间有何变化，以及美国特定亚人群体中是否存在差异。
研究1977年至2014年这37年间美国成年人和儿童零食来源对膳食钠摄入贡献的短期和长期趋势。
我们使用了从1977年至2014年间对50,052名2至18岁美国儿童和73,179名19岁及以上成年人进行的八项全国代表性食物摄入量调查中收集的数据。总体而言，研究了零食消费模式、零食来源的钠摄入量趋势以及不同种族、年龄、性别、体重指数、家庭教育和收入群体中零食的食物和饮料钠来源趋势。
在所有社会人口亚组中，从1977 - 1978年到2011 - 2014年，人均钠摄入量以及零食中钠摄入所占比例均显著增加（<0.01）。家庭教育水平最低、非西班牙裔黑人种族以及收入最低的人群，零食钠摄入量增加幅度最大。1977 - 1978年，非西班牙裔黑人的零食钠摄入量低于非西班牙裔白人（<0.01），但在2011 - 2014年，他们的摄入量显著更高。非西班牙裔黑人零食来源的膳食钠摄入量正出现重要差异。我们的研究结果对未来针对美国特定人群亚组的政策干预具有启示意义。
