墨西哥湾深海地平线石油泄漏事件对 GuLF 研究参与者神经行为功能的影响。
Deepwater Horizon oil spill exposures and neurobehavioral function in GuLF study participants.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2019 Dec;179(Pt B):108834. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108834. Epub 2019 Oct 23.
INTRODUCTION
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster exposed tens of thousands of oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) workers to hydrocarbons and other hazardous chemicals. Some hydrocarbons, such as toluene and hexane, have been found to have acute adverse effects on the central nervous system in occupational settings. However, no studies have examined the association between oil spill exposures and neurobehavioral function.
METHODS
We used data from the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study, a cohort of adults who worked on the DWH response and cleanup. Total hydrocarbon (THC) exposure attributed to oil spill cleanup work was estimated from a job-exposure matrix linking air measurement data to detailed cleanup work histories. Participants were also categorized into 6 job categories, or OSRC classes, based on their activity with the highest exposure. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed at a clinical exam 4-6 years after the spill. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate relationships of ordinal THC levels and OSRC classes with 16 neurobehavioral outcomes.
RESULTS
We found limited evidence of associations between THC levels or OSRC classes and decreased neurobehavioral function, including attention, memory, and executive function. Workers exposed to ≥3 ppm THC scored significantly worse (difference = -0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.74, -0.04) than workers exposed to <0.30 ppm THC for the digit span forward count test. There was also a possible threshold effect above 1 ppm THC for symbol digit test total errors (difference = -0.56 (95% CI = -1.13, -0.003), difference = -0.55 (95% CI = -1.20, 0.10)). Associations appeared to be stronger in men than in women. A summary latency measure suggested an association between more highly exposed jobs (especially support of operations workers) and decreased neurobehavioral function.
CONCLUSION
OSRC-related exposures were associated with modest decreases in neurobehavioral function, especially attention, memory, and executive function.
简介
2010 年深海地平线（DWH）灾难使数以万计的石油泄漏应对和清理（OSRC）工人接触到碳氢化合物和其他危险化学品。一些碳氢化合物，如甲苯和己烷，已被发现在职业环境中对中枢神经系统有急性不良影响。然而，尚无研究探讨石油泄漏暴露与神经行为功能之间的关系。
方法
我们使用了来自海湾长期随访研究的数据，该研究是一组在 DWH 应对和清理工作中工作的成年人队列。根据将空气测量数据与详细的清理工作历史联系起来的工作暴露矩阵，估计了归因于石油泄漏清理工作的总碳氢化合物（THC）暴露。参与者还根据其最高暴露的活动分为 6 个工作类别或 OSRC 类别。在泄漏后 4-6 年进行临床检查评估神经行为表现。我们使用多变量线性回归评估了 THC 水平和 OSRC 类别的顺序与 16 种神经行为结果之间的关系。
结果
我们发现 THC 水平或 OSRC 类别的证据与神经行为功能下降之间存在有限的关联，包括注意力、记忆和执行功能。暴露于≥3ppm THC 的工人的数字跨度向前计数测试得分明显较差（差异= -0.39，95%置信区间（CI）= -0.74，-0.04），而暴露于<0.30ppm THC 的工人得分较高。符号数字测试总错误也可能存在 1ppm THC 以上的阈值效应（差异= -0.56（95%CI= -1.13，-0.003），差异= -0.55（95%CI= -1.20，0.10））。在男性中，关联似乎比女性更强。一项综合潜伏期测量表明，与暴露程度更高的工作（尤其是运营支持工人）之间存在关联，与神经行为功能下降有关。
结论
与 OSRC 相关的暴露与神经行为功能的适度下降有关，特别是注意力、记忆和执行功能。
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