School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
Cytokine. 2020 Feb;126:154892. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154892. Epub 2019 Nov 6.
The T-helper (Th1/Th2) paradigm is widely studied for its role in modulating an adaptive immune response, especially in relation to the onset of various autoimmune diseases. In fact, emerging evidence clearly shows an inverse relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications, which is accelerated by an exacerbated inflammatory state. Here, relevant studies reporting on any association between the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of T2D were retrieved through major electronic databases such as The Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed. Extracted evidence which mostly involved animal models and human subjects with T2D or metabolic syndrome was assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Results strongly correlated raised Th1/Th2 cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-2/IL-5 ratios to T2D, and this was positively linked with the other complications including retinopathy and cardiovascular complications. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Th1/Th2 ratios were significantly associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, abnormally enhanced lipid profiles, and insulin resistance. Although more studies making use of a larger sample size are required, current data suggest that optimal modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines may be an important aspect in the management of T2D and its associated complications.
辅助性 T 细胞（Th1/Th2）范式在调节适应性免疫反应方面的作用得到了广泛研究，特别是在与各种自身免疫性疾病的发病机制有关的方面。事实上，新出现的证据清楚地表明 Th1/Th2 细胞因子与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）并发症的发展之间呈负相关，而炎症状态的加剧会加速这一过程。在这里，通过主要的电子数据库（如 Cochrane Library、Embase 和 PubMed）检索了报告 Th1/Th2 细胞因子水平与 T2D 发展之间任何关联的相关研究。提取的证据主要涉及 2 型糖尿病或代谢综合征的动物模型和人类受试者，使用 Downs 和 Black 清单和动物研究报告体内实验（ARRIVE）指南评估其质量和偏倚风险。结果强烈表明，升高的 Th1/Th2 细胞因子（如干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）/白细胞介素（IL）-5 和 IL-2/IL-5 比值）与 T2D 相关，并且这与其他并发症（包括视网膜病变和心血管并发症）呈正相关。此外，逻辑回归分析表明，Th1/Th2 比值与葡萄糖稳态受损、脂质谱异常升高和胰岛素抵抗显著相关。尽管需要更多利用更大样本量的研究，但目前的数据表明，最佳调节 Th1/Th2 细胞因子可能是 T2D 及其相关并发症管理的一个重要方面。
