State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control of Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Sci Rep. 2019 Nov 8;9(1):16386. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52649-w.
Heavy metal pollution in the air, water, and soil has attracted substantial interest recently; however, assessment of the total human environmental exposure remains limited. Therefore, determining the total human environmental exposure is imperative for the management and control of heavy metal pollution. This study assessed the total environmental exposure levels of heavy metals as well as the exposure contributions of air, water, and soil, focusing on Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and Cr. Data from 3,855 volunteers from the cities of Taiyuan, Dalian, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chengdu, and Lanzhou allowed for comparison of the exposures in urban and rural areas. The levels of total human environmental exposure of Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and Cr were 1.82 × 10 mg/(kg·d), 1.58 × 10 mg/(kg·d), 3.87 × 10 mg/(kg·d), 1.79 × 10 and 7.47 × 10 mg/(kg·d), respectively. There were regional, urban-rural, sex, and age differences in the levels of heavy metal exposure. Water pollution was determined to be the largest contributor to heavy metal exposure, accounting for 97.87%, 92.50%, 80.51%, 76.16% and 79.46% of the Hg, Cd, As, Pb, and Cr, followed by air and soil pollution. These results can provide data to inform environmental protection policies and identify the priority pollutants that can help identify and prevent health risks due to overexposure to these heavy metal pollutants.
近年来，空气中、水和土壤中的重金属污染引起了广泛关注；然而，对人类环境暴露总量的评估仍然有限。因此，确定人类环境暴露的总量对于重金属污染的管理和控制至关重要。本研究评估了汞、镉、砷、铅和铬等重金属的总环境暴露水平以及空气、水和土壤的暴露贡献。研究数据来自太原市、大连市、上海市、武汉市、成都市和兰州市的 3855 名志愿者，以便对城乡地区的暴露情况进行比较。汞、镉、砷、铅和铬的总人类环境暴露水平分别为 1.82×10 mg/（kg·d）、1.58×10 mg/（kg·d）、3.87×10 mg/（kg·d）、1.79×10 和 7.47×10 mg/（kg·d）。重金属暴露水平存在区域、城乡、性别和年龄差异。水污染被确定为重金属暴露的最大贡献者，占汞、镉、砷、铅和铬暴露的 97.87%、92.50%、80.51%、76.16%和 79.46%，其次是空气污染和土壤污染。这些结果可以为环境保护政策提供数据，并确定优先污染物，有助于识别和预防因过度暴露于这些重金属污染物而导致的健康风险。
