Huertas Cesar S, Calvo-Lozano Olalla, Mitchell Arnan, Lechuga Laura M
Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre, School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain.
Front Chem. 2019 Oct 25;7:724. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00724. eCollection 2019.
Evanescent-wave optical biosensors have become an attractive alternative for the screening of nucleic acids in the clinical context. They possess highly sensitive transducers able to perform detection of a wide range of nucleic acid-based biomarkers without the need of any label or marker. These optical biosensor platforms are very versatile, allowing the incorporation of an almost limitless range of biorecognition probes precisely and robustly adhered to the sensor surface by covalent surface chemistry approaches. In addition, their application can be further enhanced by their combination with different processes, thanks to their integration with complex and automated microfluidic systems, facilitating the development of multiplexed and user-friendly platforms. The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of cutting-edge analytical strategies based on these label-free optical biosensors able to deal with the drawbacks related to DNA and RNA detection, from single point mutations assays and epigenetic alterations, to bacterial infections. Several plasmonic and silicon photonic-based biosensors are described together with their most recent applications in this area. We also identify and analyse the main challenges faced when attempting to harness this technology and how several innovative approaches introduced in the last years manage those issues, including the use of new biorecognition probes, surface functionalization approaches, signal amplification and enhancement strategies, as well as, sophisticated microfluidic solutions.
倏逝波光学生物传感器已成为临床环境中核酸筛查的一种有吸引力的替代方法。它们拥有高度灵敏的换能器，能够在无需任何标签或标记物的情况下检测多种基于核酸的生物标志物。这些光学生物传感器平台非常通用，通过共价表面化学方法，能够精确且牢固地将几乎无限范围的生物识别探针附着在传感器表面。此外，由于它们与复杂且自动化的微流体系统集成，与不同过程相结合可进一步增强其应用，有助于开发多路复用且用户友好的平台。这项工作的目的是全面概述基于这些无标记光学生物传感器的前沿分析策略，这些策略能够应对与DNA和RNA检测相关的缺点，从单点突变检测和表观遗传改变到细菌感染。描述了几种基于表面等离子体激元和硅光子的生物传感器及其在该领域的最新应用。我们还识别并分析了在尝试利用这项技术时面临的主要挑战，以及近年来引入的几种创新方法如何解决这些问题，包括使用新的生物识别探针、表面功能化方法、信号放大和增强策略，以及复杂的微流体解决方案。
