Utrecht University School of Economics, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Law, Economics and Governance, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80125, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 12;16(22):4419. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224419.
Today, as an increasing share of women and men is involved in both paid tasks at work and unpaid care tasks for children and other relatives, more people are at risk of work-family conflict, which can be a major threat to well-being and mental, but also physical health. Both organizations and governments invest in arrangements that are meant to support individuals in finding a balance between work and family life. The twofold goal of our article was to establish the level of work-family conflict in the member states of the European Union by gender and to analyze to what extent different arrangements at the organizational level as well the public level help to reduce this. Using the European Working Conditions Survey supplemented with macro-data on work-family facilities and the economic and emancipation climate in a country, we performed multilevel analyses. Our findings show that the intensity of work-family conflict does not vary widely in EU28. In most countries, men experience less work-family conflict than women, although the difference is small. Caring for children and providing informal care increases perceived work-life conflict. The relatively small country differences in work-family conflict show that different combinations of national facilities and organizational arrangements together can have the same impact on individuals; apparently, there are several ways to realize the same goal of work-family conflict reduction.
如今，越来越多的女性和男性既要参与工作中的有偿任务，又要承担照顾子女和其他亲属的无偿任务，因此更多的人面临工作与家庭冲突的风险，而这可能严重威胁到人们的幸福感以及身心健康。组织和政府都在投资各种安排，旨在帮助个人在工作和家庭生活之间找到平衡。本文的双重目标是按性别确定欧盟成员国的工作-家庭冲突程度，并分析组织层面和公共层面的不同安排在多大程度上有助于减少这种冲突。我们使用欧洲工作条件调查（European Working Conditions Survey）并辅以关于工作-家庭设施以及一国经济和解放状况的宏观数据，进行了多层次分析。我们的研究结果表明，欧盟 28 国的工作-家庭冲突强度差异不大。在大多数国家，男性经历的工作-家庭冲突比女性少，尽管差距很小。照顾子女和提供非正式护理会增加工作与生活的冲突感。工作-家庭冲突方面相对较小的国别差异表明，不同的国家设施和组织安排组合可以对个人产生相同的影响；显然，有几种方法可以实现减少工作-家庭冲突的相同目标。
