在生命早期喂养富含硬脂烯酸的生物活性油会影响新生 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的免疫系统成熟。

Feeding a Bioactive Oil Enriched in Stearidonic Acid during Early Life Influences Immune System Maturation in Neonatal Sprague-Dawley Rats.

机构信息

Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2020 Mar 1;150(3):606-615. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz255.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxz255

PMID:31722423

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Long-chain n-3 PUFAs (LCPUFAs) improve immune development and reduce atopic disease risk in infants. Stearidonic acid (SDA) can be a substrate for biosynthesis of n-3 LCPUFAs.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to determine the effect of feeding an SDA-enriched diet during suckling and weaning on offspring immunity and ability to develop oral tolerance (OT).

METHODS

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to consume either SDA (3 g SDA/100 g fat) or a control (no SDA) diet, 5 d before parturition and through lactation (21 d). For the OT treatment, 10-d-old pups were fed ovalbumin (Ova; 200 μL of 8 mg/mL) or placebo daily for 5 d. At 21 d, pups (both sexes) were weaned to their respective maternal diet until 6 wk of age or killed. Systemic immunization was induced using Ova (in 3-wk-old pups) or Ova + adjuvant (in 6-wk-old pups). The effect of suckling diet (in 3-wk-old pups) or weaning diet (in 6-wk-old pups) and OT treatment on immune function (main outcome) in spleen and blood was compared using 2-factor ANOVA.

RESULTS

An SDA-enriched maternal diet, compared with the control diet, resulted in higher plasma phospholipid (PL) EPA (15 times higher), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 3 times higher), and DHA (1.3 times higher) content in 3-wk-old pups, accompanied by higher B-cell function [plasma ovalbumin-specific IgG1 (Ova-IgG1), 2 times higher] ( P < 0.05). Compared with pups fed a control diet, the splenocytes from these pups had more (23%) helper T (Th) cells (CD3+CD4+) and activated (12%) Th cells (CD4+CD28+) (P < 0.02) than controls. At 6 wk, the SDA group had 30% more CD4+CD25+ splenocytes, and when stimulated ex vivo with LPS, produced less inflammatory IL-6 (50%) and TNF-α (30%) and more immunoregulatory IL-10 (45%) cytokines (P < 0.05) than the control group. The Ova-exposed group had less (30%) plasma Ova-IgG1 than the placebo group. Splenocytes and plasma PLs from the 6-wk-old SDA group had more EPA (2x) and DPA (3.5x) (P < 0.05), but not DHA, than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Feeding SDA during lactation and weaning altered immune responses in directions believed to be beneficial.

摘要

背景

长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸 (LCPUFAs) 可改善婴儿的免疫发育并降低特应性疾病的风险。硬脂烯酸 (SDA) 可以作为生物合成 n-3 LCPUFAs 的底物。

目的

我们旨在确定在哺乳期和断奶期喂养富含 SDA 的饮食对后代免疫和发展口服耐受性 (OT) 的能力的影响。

方法

随机分配怀孕的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠在分娩前 5 天和哺乳期（21 天）内食用 SDA（3 g SDA/100 g 脂肪）或对照（无 SDA）饮食。对于 OT 治疗，10 天大的幼崽每天喂食卵清蛋白 (Ova; 200 μL 的 8 mg/mL) 或安慰剂，持续 5 天。在 21 天时，幼崽（雌雄同体）断奶至 6 周龄或处死。使用卵清蛋白（在 3 周龄的幼崽中）或卵清蛋白+佐剂（在 6 周龄的幼崽中）进行全身免疫接种。使用双因素方差分析比较哺乳期饮食（在 3 周龄的幼崽中）或断奶期饮食（在 6 周龄的幼崽中）和 OT 治疗对脾和血液中免疫功能（主要结局）的影响。

结果

与对照饮食相比，富含 SDA 的母体饮食导致 3 周龄幼崽的血浆磷脂 (PL) EPA（高 15 倍）、二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA；高 3 倍）和 DHA（高 1.3 倍）含量更高，同时 B 细胞功能更高[卵清蛋白特异性 IgG1（Ova-IgG1）高 2 倍]（P < 0.05）。与食用对照饮食的幼崽相比，这些幼崽的脾细胞中 helper T (Th) 细胞（CD3+CD4+）更多（高 23%），激活的 Th 细胞（CD4+CD28+）（高 12%）（P < 0.02）比对照组。在 6 周时，SDA 组的 CD4+CD25+脾细胞多 30%，当用 LPS 体外刺激时，产生的炎症性白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)（低 50%）和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)（低 30%）和更多的免疫调节白细胞介素-10 (IL-10)（高 45%）细胞因子（P < 0.05）比对照组。暴露于 Ova 的组的血浆 Ova-IgG1 比安慰剂组少 30%。与对照组相比，6 周龄 SDA 组的脾细胞和血浆 PL 中的 EPA（高 2 倍）和 DPA（高 3.5 倍）（P < 0.05），但 DHA 没有，（P < 0.05）。