Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2019 Nov 15;100(10):628-635.
Academic underachievement, such as failing a class and the threat of being held back because of academic issues, is common. Family physicians can provide support and guidance for families as they approach their child's unique academic challenges. Specific learning disabilities are a group of learning disorders (e.g., dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyslexia) that impede a child's ability to learn. Understanding standard educational terms; looking for medical, family, and social risk factors associated with academic underachievement; and investigating the medical differential for academic underachievement can help direct the family to appropriate care. The physician can provide medical documentation to support an individualized education program evaluation and address risk factors that schools may not be aware of or cannot assess. The family physician can support children and families by understanding the connection between risk factors, medical and educational evaluations, and educational resources.
学业不良，如某门功课不及格以及因学业问题而面临留级的威胁，较为常见。家庭医生可以在家庭面对孩子独特的学业挑战时提供支持和指导。特定学习障碍是一组学习障碍（例如计算障碍、书写障碍、阅读障碍），会妨碍孩子的学习能力。了解标准教育术语；寻找与学业不良相关的医学、家庭和社会风险因素；并调查学业不良的医学差异，有助于指导家庭获得适当的护理。医生可以提供医疗文件，以支持个性化教育计划评估，并解决学校可能不知道或无法评估的风险因素。家庭医生可以通过了解风险因素、医学和教育评估以及教育资源之间的联系，来支持儿童和家庭。
