INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Mar;66(3):352-359. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.09.017. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
Participation in sport presents a unique setting for positive youth psychosocial development. Evidence supporting the relationship between sport and perceived social competence, however, is lacking longitudinal evidence; therefore, it is unknown how the relationship changes through late childhood to early adolescence. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between sport participation and self-perceived social competence over 4 years of early adolescence.
The data for this study are from the longitudinal cohort Physical Health and Activity Study. A total of 2,278 children in grade 4 were followed for 4 years until age 13-14 years. Self-perceived social competence (SPSC) was measured using Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children. Sport participation was measured using the Participation Questionnaire. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the effect of sport as a continuous and categorical variable on SPSC.
There was a significant association of sport at baseline (b = .06, 95% CI: .04-.08) and a significant association of sport over time (b = .01, 95% CI: 4 × 10 to .017) on SPSC for both males and females. When examining sport participation categorically, compared with no sport participation, participation in any category of sport (in-school, out-of-school, or both) is positively associated with SPSC.
The results of this study demonstrated that higher participation in sport is associated with small gains in perceptions of social competence during late childhood to early adolescence, suggesting that sport may be a small yet important contributor to young adolescents' perceptions of their social capabilities.
参与体育运动为青少年的心理社会发展提供了一个独特的环境。然而，支持运动与感知社会能力之间关系的证据缺乏纵向证据；因此，尚不清楚这种关系如何在儿童后期到青少年早期发生变化。本研究的主要目的是评估运动参与度与青少年早期 4 年期间自我感知社会能力之间的关系。
本研究的数据来自纵向队列“身体健康与活动研究”。共有 2278 名四年级儿童在 4 年内被跟踪至 13-14 岁。使用哈特尔儿童自我感知量表测量自我感知社会能力（SPSC）。运动参与度使用参与问卷进行测量。使用混合效应模型评估运动作为连续和分类变量对 SPSC 的影响。
运动在基线时（b=0.06，95%CI：0.04-0.08）和随着时间的推移（b=0.01，95%CI：4×10 至 0.017）对男女性别儿童的 SPSC 都有显著的影响。当按运动参与情况进行分类时，与不参与运动相比，参与任何类别的运动（校内、校外或两者兼而有之）都与 SPSC 呈正相关。
本研究结果表明，较高的运动参与度与儿童后期到青少年早期对社会能力的认知的小幅度提高有关，这表明运动可能是青少年对其社会能力的认知的一个虽小但很重要的贡献因素。
