Staten Island University Hospital, 70 Hancock Street, Unit 1C, Staten Island, NY, 10305, USA.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 Apr;39(4):601-605. doi: 10.1007/s10096-019-03726-5. Epub 2019 Nov 18.
Endobronchial aspergilloma (EBA) is a rare manifestation of pulmonary infection with Aspergillus spp. Comprised of hyphae, mucus, and cellular debris, the massive fungus overgrowth can lead to obstructive pneumonitis in large airways, manifesting as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, or weight loss. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on endobronchial aspergilloma to further elucidate this disease entity and to classify it as a non-invasive form of pulmonary aspergillosis. A descriptive analysis was performed on articles on PubMed database that contained the key word "endobronchial aspergilloma." A total of 28 cases were obtained. Four articles were excluded as they were not available in the English format. Although EBA is extremely rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial masses in immunocompromised patients. There is a potential for the disease entity to progress to tracheobronchitis and fulminant respiratory failure. As such, early detection with bronchoscopy, biopsy, and culture is required to confirm pulmonary aspergillosis. Current treatment regimens remain to be optimized, though piecemeal resection of the mycetoma with bronchoscopic techniques with the addition of systemic antifungals and their combinations has been reported as efficacious.
支气管内曲霉菌病（EBA）是一种罕见的肺部真菌感染，由曲霉菌属引起。其由菌丝、黏液和细胞碎片组成，大量真菌过度生长可导致大气道阻塞性肺炎，表现为咳嗽、呼吸困难、咯血或体重减轻。本文旨在通过回顾支气管内曲霉菌病的文献，进一步阐明该疾病实体，并将其归类为一种非侵袭性肺曲霉菌病。在 PubMed 数据库中对包含关键词“endobronchial aspergilloma”的文章进行了描述性分析。共获得 28 例病例。由于其中 4 篇文章无法以英文格式获得，因此被排除在外。尽管 EBA 极为罕见，但在免疫功能低下患者的支气管内肿块鉴别诊断中应考虑到该病。该疾病实体有进展为气管支气管炎和暴发性呼吸衰竭的可能。因此，需要通过支气管镜检查、活检和培养来早期发现肺曲霉病。目前的治疗方案仍有待优化，尽管已经报道了通过支气管镜技术进行的真菌瘤部分切除，并联合全身抗真菌药物及其组合进行治疗，疗效确切。
