Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The German Research Center of Elite Sport, German Sport university, cologne, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2020 Jan;41(1):12-20. doi: 10.1055/a-1015-0453. Epub 2019 Nov 20.
In view of the growing amount of (intense) training in competitive sports, quick recovery plays a superior role in performance restoration. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of active passive recovery during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols on acute alterations of circulating blood cells. Twelve male triathletes/cyclists performed 1) a HIIT consisting of 4×4 min intervals, 2) a SIT consisting of 4×30s intervals, separated by either active or passive recovery. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at 0', 30', 60' and 180' (minutes) post-exercise. Outcomes comprised leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mixed cell count, platelets, cellular inflammation markers (neutrophil/lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte-ratio (PLR)), and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). In view of HIIT, passive recovery attenuated the changes in lymphocytes and neutrophils compared to active recovery. In view of SIT, active recovery attenuated the increase in leukocytes, lymphocytes and absolute mixed cell count compared to passive recovery. Both protocols, independent of recovery, significantly increased NLR, PLR and SII up to 3h of recovery compared to pre-exercise values. The mode of recovery influences short-term alterations in the circulating fraction of leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and the mixed cell count, which might be associated with different hormonal and metabolic stress responses due to the mode of recovery.
鉴于竞技体育中（高强度）训练量的不断增加，快速恢复在性能恢复方面起着重要作用。本研究旨在比较主动和被动恢复在高强度间歇训练（HIIT）和冲刺间歇训练（SIT）方案中对循环血液细胞急性变化的影响。12 名男性三项全能运动员/自行车手进行了 1）由 4×4 分钟间隔组成的 HIIT，2）由 4×30 秒间隔组成的 SIT，间隔时间为主动或被动恢复。在运动前和运动后 0'、30'、60'和 180'（分钟）立即采集血液样本。结果包括白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、混合细胞计数、血小板、细胞炎症标志物（中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR））和全身免疫炎症指数（SII）。就 HIIT 而言，与主动恢复相比，被动恢复可减轻淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞的变化。就 SIT 而言，与被动恢复相比，主动恢复可减轻白细胞、淋巴细胞和绝对混合细胞计数的增加。两种方案，无论恢复方式如何，与运动前相比，在恢复 3 小时内，NLR、PLR 和 SII 显著增加。恢复方式会影响白细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和混合细胞计数的循环分数的短期变化，这可能与恢复方式引起的不同激素和代谢应激反应有关。
