Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2019 Jun;119(6):1369-1375. doi: 10.1007/s00421-019-04127-4. Epub 2019 Mar 20.
Alterations in immunological homeostasis induced by acute exercise have been frequently reported. In view of the growing amount of repetitive exercise stimuli in competitive sports, quick recovery plays a superior role. Therefore, we examined whether aqua cycling affects cellular immunological recovery.
After performing 300 countermovement jumps with maximal effort male sport students (n = 20; 24.4 ± 2.2 years) were randomized into either an aqua cycling (AC) or a passive recovery (P) group. AC pedaled in chest-deep water without resistance, while P lay in a supine position. Each recovery protocols lasted 30 min. Blood samples were taken at Baseline, Post-exercise, Post-recovery and 1 h (h), 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after recovery. Outcomes comprised white blood cell (WBC) counts, lymphocyte (LYM) counts and LYM subsets (CD4/CD8 ratio). Additionally, cellular inflammation markers (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)) were calculated.
In both groups, WBC, NLR and SII were significantly increased compared to Baseline up to and including 4 h after recovery. Significant interaction effects were found for WBC (Post-recovery, 2 h and 4 h), NLR (Post-recovery), SII (Post-recovery) and CD4/CD8 ratio (2 h) with values of AC being higher than of P.
Interestingly, AC provoked a stronger but not prolonged immunological disturbance than P. NLR and SII may present simple, more integrative markers to screen exercise-induced alterations in immune homeostasis/recovery in athletes and clinical populations. More research is warranted to elucidate the clinical and practical relevance of these findings.
急性运动引起的免疫稳态改变已被频繁报道。鉴于竞技体育中重复性运动刺激的数量不断增加，快速恢复起着重要作用。因此，我们研究了水上单车运动是否会影响细胞免疫恢复。
20 名男性运动学生（年龄 24.4±2.2 岁）进行了 300 次最大努力的反跳后，随机分为水上单车（AC）或被动恢复（P）组。AC 在齐胸深的水中蹬踏，没有阻力，而 P 则仰卧。每个恢复方案持续 30 分钟。在基线、运动后、恢复后以及 1 小时（h）、2 小时、4 小时、24 小时、48 小时和 72 小时采集血液样本。结果包括白细胞（WBC）计数、淋巴细胞（LYM）计数和 LYM 亚群（CD4/CD8 比值）。此外，还计算了细胞炎症标志物（中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和全身免疫炎症指数（SII））。
在两组中，与基线相比，WBC、NLR 和 SII 在恢复后直至 4 小时均显著增加。在 WBC（恢复后、2 小时和 4 小时）、NLR（恢复后）、SII（恢复后）和 CD4/CD8 比值（2 小时）方面发现了显著的交互作用效应，AC 的数值高于 P。
有趣的是，AC 引起的免疫紊乱比 P 更强，但持续时间更短。NLR 和 SII 可能是筛选运动员和临床人群运动引起的免疫稳态/恢复改变的简单、更综合的标志物。需要进一步研究阐明这些发现的临床和实际意义。
