Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St., Tabriz, 5166614756, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
J Transl Med. 2019 Nov 21;17(1):383. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-02137-6.
Liver, as a vital organ, is responsible for a wide range of biological functions to maintain homeostasis and any type of damages to hepatic tissue contributes to disease progression and death. Viral infection, trauma, carcinoma, alcohol misuse and inborn errors of metabolism are common causes of liver diseases are a severe known reason for leading to end-stage liver disease or liver failure. In either way, liver transplantation is the only treatment option which is, however, hampered by the increasing scarcity of organ donor. Over the past years, considerable efforts have been directed toward liver regeneration aiming at developing new approaches and methodologies to enhance the transplantation process. These approaches include producing decellularized scaffolds from the liver organ, 3D bio-printing system, and nano-based 3D scaffolds to simulate the native liver microenvironment. The application of small molecules and micro-RNAs and genetic manipulation in favor of hepatic differentiation of distinct stem cells could also be exploited. All of these strategies will help to facilitate the application of stem cells in human medicine. This article reviews the most recent strategies to generate a high amount of mature hepatocyte-like cells and updates current knowledge on liver regenerative medicine.
肝脏作为一个重要的器官，负责多种生物学功能以维持内环境平衡，任何类型的肝组织损伤都会导致疾病进展和死亡。病毒感染、创伤、癌、酒精滥用和先天性代谢缺陷是常见的肝脏疾病的原因，是导致终末期肝病或肝功能衰竭的严重已知原因。无论哪种方式，肝移植是唯一的治疗选择，但由于器官捐献者的日益短缺而受到阻碍。在过去的几年中，人们为肝脏再生做出了相当大的努力，旨在开发新的方法和技术来增强移植过程。这些方法包括从肝脏器官中产生脱细胞支架、3D 生物打印系统和纳米级 3D 支架，以模拟天然肝脏微环境。还可以利用小分子和 micro-RNAs 以及遗传操作来促进不同干细胞的肝向分化。所有这些策略都将有助于促进干细胞在人类医学中的应用。本文综述了生成大量成熟肝细胞样细胞的最新策略，并更新了肝脏再生医学的最新知识。
