Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
Mycotoxin Res. 2020 May;36(2):147-158. doi: 10.1007/s12550-019-00379-3. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Fluorescent pseudomonads colonizing wheat ears have a high antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi. To check this hypothesis, the bacterial antagonist Pseudomonas simiae 9 was spray-inoculated onto the ears of winter wheat in a locally demarcated experimental field plot. Fusarium and Alternaria fungi naturally occurring on the ears and the formation of their mycotoxins in the ripe grains were investigated. Inoculated bacteria were recovered from the plants in the inoculation cell, but not in the untreated neighboring plots or in the air above the plants. Growth of fusaria and alternaria on the ears was not influenced by the bacterial antagonist. Wheat kernels were co-inoculated in vitro with the antagonist and one mycotoxin-producing strain of Fusarium and Alternaria, respectively. Mycotoxin production was almost completely suppressed in these approaches. Concentrations of zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, alternariol, and tenuazonic acid were also significantly reduced in ripe grains in the field, but to a lesser extent than in vitro. The results of this and previous studies suggest that widespread biological control of the growth of fusaria and alternaria and their mycotoxin formation by naturally occurring pseudomonads with antagonistic activity is rather unlikely.
定殖于小麦麦穗上的荧光假单胞菌对植物病原菌真菌具有很高的拮抗潜力。为了验证这一假说，将细菌拮抗假单胞菌 9 号通过喷雾接种的方式接种到当地划定的小麦实验田的麦穗上。研究了自然发生在麦穗上的镰刀菌和交链孢菌以及它们在成熟谷物中形成的霉菌毒素。在接种部位的植物上回收了接种的细菌，但在未处理的相邻地段或植物上方的空气中没有回收。细菌拮抗假单胞菌对镰刀菌和交链孢菌的生长没有影响。小麦籽粒在体外分别与拮抗假单胞菌和一种产霉菌毒素的镰刀菌和交链孢菌进行共接种。在这些方法中，霉菌毒素的产生几乎完全被抑制。田间成熟谷物中玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、交链孢酚和噁霜灵的浓度也显著降低，但降低幅度小于体外试验。本研究和以往研究的结果表明，具有拮抗活性的天然假单胞菌对镰刀菌和交链孢菌的生长及其霉菌毒素形成进行广泛的生物防治是不太可能的。
