Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1206:435-452. doi: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_20.
Protein homeostasis is essential for maintaining cell survival. Protein synthesis and degradation coordinately regulate protein homeostasis. Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) was the first lysosomal process to be discovered by which intracellular components are selectively degraded. This process involves the recognition of the substrate, the unfolding and translocation of the substrate, and the degradation of the substrate. By degrading specific target proteins in a timely manner, CMA is involved in a variety of cellular activities. In the past few years, we have acquired a better understanding of how CMA is regulated. It has been reported that peroxide accumulation, aging and/or other pathological signals interfere with CMA function, which in turn induces neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases. Combining results from the current research, we summarize the basic processes, regulatory mechanisms, and physiological functions of CMA and discuss its critical role in the development of diseases.
蛋白质动态平衡对于维持细胞存活至关重要。蛋白质的合成和降解协同调节蛋白质动态平衡。伴侣介导的自噬（CMA）是最早被发现的溶酶体过程，通过该过程可以选择性降解细胞内成分。这个过程涉及底物的识别、底物的展开和转运以及底物的降解。通过及时降解特定的靶蛋白，CMA 参与了多种细胞活动。在过去的几年中，我们对 CMA 的调控有了更好的理解。据报道，过氧化物积累、衰老和/或其他病理信号干扰 CMA 功能，进而诱导神经退行性疾病、癌症和其他疾病。综合当前研究的结果，我们总结了 CMA 的基本过程、调控机制和生理功能，并讨论了其在疾病发展中的关键作用。
