Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, DK 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, DK 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Feb 1;75(2):351-361. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz458.
Aminopenicillins with or without a β-lactamase inhibitor are widely used in both human and veterinary medicine. However, little is known about their differential impact on the gut microbiota and development of antimicrobial resistance.
To investigate changes in the faecal microbiota of dogs treated with amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
Faeces collected from 42 dogs (21 per treatment group) immediately before, during and 1 week after termination of oral treatment with amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were analysed by culture and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
In both groups, bacterial counts on ampicillin selective agar revealed an increase in the proportion of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli during treatment, and an increased occurrence and proportion of ampicillin-resistant enterococci during and after treatment. 16S rRNA gene analysis showed reductions in microbial richness and diversity during treatment followed by a return to pre-treatment conditions approximately 1 week after cessation of amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid treatment. While no significant differences were observed between the effects of amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on microbial richness and diversity, treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid reduced the abundance of taxa that are considered part of the beneficial microbiota (such as Roseburia, Dialister and Lachnospiraceae) and enriched Escherichia, although the latter result was not corroborated by phenotypic counts.
Our results suggest a limited effect of clavulanic acid on selection of antimicrobial resistance and microbial richness when administered orally in combination with amoxicillin. However, combination with this β-lactamase inhibitor appears to broaden the spectrum of amoxicillin, with potential negative consequences on gut health.
含或不含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的氨芐青霉素广泛应用于人类和兽医医学。然而，对于它们对肠道微生物群和抗微生物耐药性发展的差异影响知之甚少。
研究阿莫西林或阿莫西林/克拉维酸治疗犬后粪便微生物群的变化。
收集 42 只犬（每组 21 只）在口服阿莫西林或阿莫西林/克拉维酸治疗前、治疗期间和治疗结束后 1 周的粪便，通过培养和 16S rRNA 基因序列分析进行分析。
在两组中，氨苄青霉素选择琼脂上的细菌计数显示，治疗期间氨苄青霉素耐药大肠杆菌的比例增加，治疗期间和治疗后氨苄青霉素耐药肠球菌的发生率和比例增加。16S rRNA 基因分析显示，治疗期间微生物丰富度和多样性降低，停药后约 1 周恢复到治疗前状态。虽然阿莫西林和阿莫西林/克拉维酸对微生物丰富度和多样性的影响没有显著差异，但阿莫西林/克拉维酸治疗降低了被认为是有益微生物群的一部分的分类群的丰度（如罗斯伯里亚菌、Dialister 和 Lachnospiraceae），并富集了大肠杆菌，尽管后者的结果未被表型计数证实。
我们的结果表明，当与阿莫西林联合口服给药时，克拉维酸对选择抗微生物耐药性和微生物丰富度的影响有限。然而，与这种β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联合使用似乎拓宽了阿莫西林的光谱，对肠道健康可能产生潜在的负面影响。
