Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 20 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531 Cracow, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2019 Nov 26;9(12):780. doi: 10.3390/biom9120780.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of disorders which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Obesity is becoming increasingly more common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and plays a role in the development and course of the disease. This is especially true in the case of Crohn's disease. The recent results indicate a special role of visceral adipose tissue and particularly mesenteric adipose tissue, also known as "creeping fat", in pathomechanism, leading to intestinal inflammation. The involvement of altered adipocyte function and the deregulated production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, has been suggested in pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in IBD, the influence of a Western diet on the course of Crohn's disease and colitis in IBD patients and animal's models, and the potential role of adipokines in these disorders. Since altered body composition, decrease of skeletal muscle mass, and development of pathologically changed mesenteric white adipose tissue are well-known features of IBD and especially of Crohn's disease, we discuss the possible crosstalk between adipokines and myokines released from skeletal muscle during exercise with moderate or forced intensity. The emerging role of microbiota and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory enzymes such as intestinal alkaline phosphatase is also discussed, in order to open new avenues for the therapy against intestinal perturbations associated with IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一组疾病，包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病。肥胖症在炎症性肠病患者中越来越普遍，并且在疾病的发展和进程中发挥作用。在克罗恩病的情况下尤其如此。最近的结果表明，内脏脂肪组织，特别是肠系膜脂肪组织（也称为“爬行脂肪”）在发病机制中具有特殊作用，导致肠道炎症。已经提出了改变的脂肪细胞功能和脂肪因子（例如瘦素和脂联素）的失调产生在 IBD 的发病机制中。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 IBD 中肥胖的流行病学和病理生理学，西方饮食对克罗恩病和结肠炎患者和动物模型病程的影响，以及脂肪因子在这些疾病中的潜在作用。由于身体成分改变、骨骼肌质量减少以及病理性改变的肠系膜白色脂肪组织的发展是 IBD 特别是克罗恩病的众所周知的特征，因此我们讨论了在中等或强制强度的运动期间从骨骼肌释放的脂肪因子和肌因子之间可能的串扰。还讨论了微生物组和抗氧化酶和抗炎酶（如肠碱性磷酸酶）的新兴作用，以便为治疗与 IBD 相关的肠道紊乱开辟新途径。
