Zhaoyang Ruixue, Scott Stacey B, Smyth Joshua M, Kang Jee-Eun, Sliwinski Martin J
Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.
Ann Behav Med. 2020 May 25;54(6):402-412. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaz057.
Individuals' emotional responses to stressors in everyday life are associated with long-term physical and mental health. Among many possible risk factors, the stressor-related emotional responses may play an important role in future development of depressive symptoms.
The current study examined how individuals' positive and negative emotional responses to everyday stressors predicted their subsequent changes in depressive symptoms over 18 months.
Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, participants (n = 176) reported stressor exposure, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) five times a day for 1 week (n = 5,483 observations) and provided longitudinal reports of depressive symptoms over the subsequent 18 months. A multivariate multilevel latent growth curve model was used to directly link the fluctuations in emotions in response to momentary stressors in everyday life with the long-term trajectory of depressive symptoms.
Adults who demonstrated a greater difference in stressor-related PA (i.e., relatively lower PA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments) reported larger increases in depressive symptoms over 18 months. Those with greater NA responses to everyday stressors (i.e., relatively higher NA on stressor vs. nonstressor moments), however, did not exhibit differential long-term changes in depressive symptoms.
Adults showed a pattern consistent with both PA and NA responses to stressors in everyday life, but only the stressor-related changes in PA (but not in NA) predicted the growth of depressive symptoms over time. These findings highlight the important-but often overlooked-role of positive emotional responses to everyday stressors in long-term mental health.
个体对日常生活中压力源的情绪反应与长期身心健康相关。在众多可能的风险因素中，与压力源相关的情绪反应可能在抑郁症状的未来发展中起重要作用。
本研究考察了个体对日常压力源的积极和消极情绪反应如何预测其在18个月内抑郁症状的后续变化。
采用生态瞬时评估方法，参与者（n = 176）在1周内每天报告5次压力源暴露、积极情绪（PA）和消极情绪（NA）（n = 5483次观察），并提供随后18个月内抑郁症状的纵向报告。使用多变量多层次潜在增长曲线模型将日常生活中对瞬时压力源的情绪波动与抑郁症状的长期轨迹直接联系起来。
在与压力源相关的积极情绪方面表现出更大差异的成年人（即压力源时刻的积极情绪相对低于非压力源时刻）在18个月内抑郁症状增加幅度更大。然而，那些对日常压力源有更大消极情绪反应的人（即压力源时刻的消极情绪相对高于非压力源时刻）在抑郁症状方面并未表现出不同的长期变化。
成年人在日常生活中对压力源的积极情绪和消极情绪反应呈现出一种模式，但只有与压力源相关的积极情绪变化（而非消极情绪变化）能预测抑郁症状随时间的增长。这些发现凸显了对日常压力源的积极情绪反应在长期心理健康中重要但常被忽视的作用。
